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Chapter 2 Vocab
Fichas del conjunto (23)
- 1ConstitutionA nation’s basic laws
- 2• Declaration of Independence– The document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared their independence.
- 3• Natural Rights– Rights inherent to human beings, not dependent on governments, which include life, liberty, and property.
- 4• Consent of the Governed –The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people.
- 5• Limited Government –The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens.
- 6• Articles of Confederation –The first constitution of the United States, adopted by Congress in 1777 and enacted in 1781.
- 7• Shay’s Rebellion –A series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by Revolutionary War Captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings.
- 8• U.S. Constitution –The document written in 1787 and ratified in 1788 that sets forth the institutional structure of U.S. government and the tasks these institutions perform.
- 9• Factions –Interest groups arising from the unequal distribution of property or wealth that James Madison attacked in the Federalist Papers No. 10.
- 10New Jersey Plan –The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state’s population
- 11Virginia Plan –The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for representation of each state in Congress in proportion to that state’s share of the U.S. population
- 12Connecticut Compromise –The compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention that established two houses of congress: the House of Representatives, in which representation is based on a state’s share of the U.S. population, and the Senate, in which each state has two representatives
- 13Writ of Habeas Corpus –A court order requiring jailers to explain to a judge why they are holding a prisoner in custody
- 14Separation of Powers –A feature of the Constitution that requires each of the three branches of government – executive, legislative, and judicial – to be relatively independent of the others so that one cannot control the others. Power is shared among these three institutions
- 15Checks and Balances –Features of the Constitution that limit government’s power by requiring that power be balanced among the different governmental institutions
- 16Republic –A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws
- 17Federalists –Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption
- 18Anti-Federalists –Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating its adoption
- 19• Federalist Papers –A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name “Publius” to defend the Constitution in detail.
- 20Bill of Rights –The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, drafted in response to some of the Anti-Federalist concerns
- 21• Equal Rights Amendments –A constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 stating that “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.”
- 22Marbury vs. Madison –The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution
- 23• Judicial Review –The power of the courts to determine whether acts of Congress and, by implication, the executive are in accord with the U.S. Constitution.
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- Life Government Fichas sobre Chapter 2 Vocab, creado por travelbugg2012 el 17/10/2013.
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