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Molecules
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- 1How does the structure of water lead to Hydrogen Bonding?A water molecule is formed by covalent bonds between an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The bond between hydrogen and oxygen involves unequal sharing of electron - it is a polar covalent bond. This is because the nucleus of the oxygen atom is more attractive to electrons than the nuclei of the hydrogen atom.
- 2Why does salt dissolve in water, but oil does not?Liquid water is held together by hydrogen bonds. Since this water is polar, any liquid that does not contain polar molecules(oil) cannot break the bonds - whereas the charged ions in salt can.
- 3Hydroxyl: Where is it found, PolarityCarbohydrates, Polar
- 4Carbonyl: Where found, PolarityLipids, Polar
- 5Carboxyl: Where found, polarityProteins, Polar
- 6Amino: Where found, PolarityProteins, Polar
- 7Methyl: Where found, PolarityNonpolar
- 8Phosphate: Where found, polarityDNA & ATP, Charged
- 9Difference between Hydrolysis and Dehydration Synthesishydrolysis is the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones (lysis) whereas dehydration is the synthesis of large molecules out of smaller ones (condensation)
- 10Four groups of PolysaccharidesStarch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin
- 11StarchEnergy Storage
- 12GlycogenEnergy Storage(Animals)
Found in liver, muscles - 13CelluloseStructural(Cell Wall)
- 14ChitinStructural(Exoskeletons)
Fungal Cell Walls - 15Why can't humans digest cellulose, despite cows being able to digest cellulose and starch?Humans lack the enzymes necessary for breaking the beta-acetyl linkages in cellulose. Cows have symbiotic bacteria that can do so inside their stomach.
- 16Primary StructureA linked series of Amino Acids with unique sequence.
- 17Secondary Structure- Localized folding created by H bonding
- Interactions between non-R groups
*Alpha Helix, Keratin
- 18Tertiary Structure- Three-dimensional shape(H-bond, Ionic bond, Hydrophobic exclusion)
- Interactions between R-groups
-Globular Proteins
- 19Quaternary Structure- Aggregation of two or more polypeptides
- 20How does an Enzyme Work?Enzymes = biological catalyst
Selective acceleration of chemical reactions
- 21Outcomes of amino acid change on levels of protein structurePrimary: Will affect overall structure and function
2-4: Can have an effect - 22Functions of Steroids in Human Bodygrowth, development, energy metabolism, homeostasis and reproduction.
- 23Role of LDL in transporting CholesterolLow-density lipoproteins; transfers from liver to peripheral tissues
BAD - 24Role of HDL in transporting CholesterolHigh-density lipoprotein; transports excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to liver
GOOD - 25Dietary Fat and "Bad" CholesterolDietary fat, especially saturated and trans fats, may raise blood levels of total and LDL cholesterol.
- 26Triglycerides that form solid fatsSaturated fatty acids
- 27Triglycerides that form dropletsUnsaturated fatty acids
- 28Cis vs. Trans FatCis and trans indicate the configuration of the molecule around the double bond. If hydrogens are present in the same plane, it is referred to as a cis fat; if the hydrogen atoms are on two different planes, it is referred to as a trans fat. The cis double bond causes a bend or a “kink” that prevents the fatty acids from packing tightly, keeping them liquid at room temperature.
- 29Why do phospholipids form bilayers, while triglycerides form insoluble droplets?Triglycerides have glycerol and three fatty acids, which makes them fats. Phospholipids are not fats, since they have glycerol, two fatty acids and phosphorus. Triglycerides are not amphipathic
- 30—Polysaccharide
- 31—Phospholipid
- 32—Amino Acid
- 33—Disaccharide
- 34—ATP
- 35—Monosaccharide
- 36—Sterol
- 37—Triglyceride
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- (Molecules) Biology Fichas sobre Molecules, creado por Zach Man el 02/03/2022.
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- Zach Man
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