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- 1BiodiversityThe variety of species present in the community of an ecosystem.
- 2BiomeThe various regions of our planet that are distinguished by their climate and distinctive group of plants (flora) and animals (fauna) living there.
- 3CommunityAll the organisms present in an ecosystem.
- 4EcosystemAll the organisms living in a particular area and the non-living components that the organisms interact with.
- 5HabitatThe place where an organism lives.
- 6NicheThe role an organism plays within its community.
- 7PopulationAll the organisms of one species found in a particular area.
- 8SpeciesA group of organisms capable of breeding with each other to produce fertile offspring.
- 9Nitrogen fixationLegume plants such as peas, beans and clover contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria. These bacteria live in swellings in the plant roots called nodules. Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas from the air into a form that plants can use to make amino acids. Free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria are also found in the soil. When they die the nitrogen they have fixed into their biomass is converted into ammonium.
- 10FeedingAnimals consume plant protein, digest it using specific enzymes and absorb the free amino acids.
- 11Production of nitrogenous waste products.Animals cannot store excess amino acids in their bodies. They convert them into waste products that contain nitrogen and excrete them.
- 12DecompositionDecomposers (some free-living bacteria and fungi) break down animal and plant proteins (from dead organisms) and nitrogenous waste products to release energy. As a result of decomposition nitrogen is released into the soil in the form of ammonium.
- 13NitrificationA group of free-living soil bacteria called nitrifying bacteria convert ammonium into nitrates in order to obtain energy.
- 14Uptake of nitratesNon-legume plants absorb nitrates from the soil into their roots and use the nitrates to produce their amino acids to make proteins.
- 15DenitrificationAnother group of free-living soil bacteria called denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas. Denitrifying bacteria are active when the oxygen concentration of their environment is low, eg in waterlogged soil.
- 16Pyramid of NumbersA pyramid of numbers shows the total number of individual organisms at each level in the food chain of an ecosystem.
- 17Pyramid of EnergyA pyramid of energy shows the total quantity of available energy stored in the biomass of organisms at each level in the food chain of an ecosystem per year. This can be estimated by burning samples of organisms and measuring the heat released.
- 18Pyramid of BiomassA pyramid of biomass shows the total dry mass of organisms at each level in the food chain of an ecosystem.
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- National5 (Life On Earth) Biology Fichas sobre Untitled, creado por 1dsuperfan24 el 18/11/2013.
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