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Research Methods 2
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- 1What is descriptive analysis?summaries and reduces data to get the most important values out of it
- 2What is inferential analysis?Inferences about the data to test our hypothesis. Determining the likelihood that the result is real rather than chance
- 3What is descriptive statistics?Starts with data set. Summarises key characteristics and describes the sample not the population
- 4Where is the x-axis on a graph?horizontal
- 5Where is the y-axis on a graphVertical
- 6What type of graphs and charts are used for descriptive statistics?bar graphs, pie charts, line graphs, scatter plot
- 7What do graphs and charts show?The frequency representation of the data
- 8What is frequency Distribution?Systematic arrangement of data values. Unique data values are ranked and ordered. Frequencies are provided for each value
- 9What is a frequency distribution histogram?used for quantitative variables. A presentation of frequency distribution.
- 10What is a frequency polygon?Good for comparing data sets. An arrangement of data sets, like a histogram
- 11What is known as a bell shaped curve?Normal distribution
- 12What does lack of symmetry indicate?Skewness
- 13What does pointedness indicate?Kurtosis
- 14What is mesokurtic?Normal distribution, bell shaped curve
- 15What is leptokurtic?Thin point and has low variability around the mean
- 16What is platykurtic?Flat curve, high variability around mean
- 17A positive skew goes down to the ……. sideRight
- 18A negative skew goes down to the …… sideLeft
- 19A symmetrical skew isNormal
- 20What is central tendency?A single numerical number that is considered most typical of the value in a quantitative study. Mean, Median and mode
- 21What is a mean?A mean is the average of the data. All numbers added then divided by how many numbers there are
- 22What is the median?The middle number of the data set. Divides the group in half so 50% above median and 50% below. Data needs to be ordered.
- 23What is the mode?The most frequently occurring number in a data set. Data needs to be ordered.
- 24What is a bi-modal?When two response categories have the same high frequency
- 25What is a multi-modal?When more than 2 response categories have the same high frequency
- 26What level of measurement is the mean used for?Interval and Ratio. Sensitive to outliers
- 27What level of measurements is the mode used for?All four, especially nominal
- 28What level of measurements is the median used for?Used for interval, ratio and ordinal
- 29What is an outlier?A random and different result from others
- 30What is homogenous?Little variability
- 31What is heterogeneous?A lot of variability
- 32What is variability?Range, interquartile range, variance, standard deviation and z-score.
- 33The more variability you have is caused frommore differences in the numbers
- 34what is range?Equal to the highest value minus the lowest value
- 35What is interquartile range?lower 25%
median
upper 25% - 36What is standard deviation?A quantity expressing how much the data of members of a group differs from the group mean
- 37What percent is 1 standard deviation away from the mean?68%
- 38What percent is 2 standard deviations away from the mean?95%
- 39What percent is 3 stand deviations away from the mean?99.7%
- 40What is a Z-score?How many standard deviations above or below the mean a raw score is
- 41Is a positive Z-score above or below the mean?Above
- 42Is a negative Z-score above or below the mean?Below
- 43What is variance? (Standardise score)How far a set of numbers is spread out
- 44Standard deviation close to 0 indicates thatdata points are close to the mean
- 45Standard deviation not close to 0 indicatesthat the data is spread out
- 46What is an association?relationship between two variables
- 47What is correlation?single number that describes the degree relationship between two variables
- 48What is positive correlation?When one variable increases, so does the other
- 49What is negative correlation?When one variable decreases, so does the other
- 50A correlation of 1.0 is aperfect linear relationship thats positive
- 51A correlation of 0 hasno relationship
- 52a correlation of -1.0 is aperfect negative linear correlation
- 53Pearsons R effect size. What does .10 indicate?Small or weak correlation
- 54Pearsons R effect size. What does .30 indicate?medium or moderate correlation
- 55Pearsons R effect size. What does .50 indicate?Large or strong correlation
- 56What is pearsons Rmeasures linear relationships between two correlated variables
- 57What is bivariate?Relationship between two variables
- 58What is common variance?measure of how much variation in one variable is explained by another
- 59What is partial correlation?measure of unique correlation between x and y when the association between y and z is controlled for
- 60What is Spearmans Rho?non parametrical of statistical dependence between two variables
- 61What is random variation?expected difference in values when someone examines different people from the same sample
- 62What is systematic variation?selecting people due to biases. E.g. selecting people who are different
- 63What is systematic error?bias or systematic factors that cause a difference in between the sample and the population
- 64What is random error?Random factors effect the difference between sample and population
- 65How is random error reduced?By increasing the sample size
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- Fichas sobre Research Methods 2, creado por Claudia McLennan el 25/10/2015.
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- Claudia McLennan
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