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chapter 1
Fichas del conjunto (26)
- 1Applied behavior analysisThis is a branch of behavior analysis that uses behavior principles to solve practical problems such as the treatment of autism or improved teaching methods. Applied behavior analysis is also referred to as behavioral engineering.
- 2behaviorRefers to everything that an organism does, including covered actions like thinking.
- 3behavior analysisA comprehensive experimental approach to the study of the behavior of organisms. The primary objectives are the discovery of principles and laws that govern behavior.the extension of these principles over species, and the development of an applied technology.
- 4behavior analystsResearchers and practitioners of behavior analysis.
- 5behavioral neuroscienceRefers to a scientific area that integrates the science of behavior with the science of the brain. Areas of interest include the effects of drugs on behavior, neural imaging and complex stimulus relations, choice and neural activity, and the brain circuitry of learning and addictions
- 6BehaviorismA term that refers to the scientific philosophy of behavior analysis.
- 7conditioned reflexesAre stimulus and response
- 8contingencyIn respondent, conditioning refers to a correlation between CS and US.
- 9correlationThe percentage of conditioning trails in which the CS is followed by the US and the percentage of trails in which the CS in not followed by the US.
- 10CultureCulture is usually defined in terms of the ideas and values of a society. However, behavior analysts define culture as all the conditions, events, and stimuli arranged by other people that regulate human action.
- 11Experimental analysis of behaviorThe method of investigation most commonly used in behavior analysis. The method involves breaking down complex environment- behavior relations into component principles of behavior. The analysis is verified by arranging experimental procedures that reveal the underlying basic principles and controlling variables. This involves intensive experimentation with a single organism over an extended period rather than statistical assessment of groups exposed to experimental treatment.
- 12Immediate causationRefers to the kind of mechanism studied by physics and chemistry. The billiard ball type of process is where we try to isolate a chain of events that directly result in some effect. Thus in physiology, the bar pressing of a rat for food or a gambler playing roulette could each involve the release of endogenous opiates and dopamine in the hypothalamus.
- 13Law of effectRefers to stamping in or out of some response. A cat opened a puzzle-box door more rapidly over repeated trails. Currently, the law is stated as the principle of reinforcement: operants may be followed by the consequences that increase or decrease the probability or rate of response.
- 14LearningRefers to the acquisition, maintenance, and change of an organism's behavior as a result of lifetime events.
- 15NeuroplasticityRefers to alterations of neurons and neural interconnections during a lifetime by changes in environmental contingencies.
- 16OperantBehavior that operates on the environment to produce a change, effect, or consequence. These environmental changes select the operant appropriate to a given setting or circumstance.
- 17Operant conditioningAn increase or decrease in operant responses as a function of the consequences that have followed these responses.
- 18Private behaviorBehavior that is only accessible to the person who emits it.
- 19ReflexWhen an US elicits a UR.
- 20ReinforcementInvolves an increase in the rate of operant behavior as a function of its consequences. Also refers to the procedure of presenting a reinforcing event when a response occurs.
- 21Remote causationTypical of sciences like evolutionary biology, geology, and astronomy. In this case, we explain some phenomenon by pointing to remote events that made it likely. Thus, national selection for coloration explains the current frequency of the characteristic in the population
- 22respondentBehavior that increases or decreases by the presentation of a CS that precedes the CR. We say that the presentation of the CS regulates or controls the CR. It is elicited in the sense that reliably occurs when the CS is presented.
- 23Respondent conditioningOccurs when an organism responds to anew event based on a history of pairing with a biologically important stimulus.
- 24Science of behaviorA comprehensive approach to the the study of the behavior of organism.
- 25Selection by consequencesThe principle of causation for biology, behavior, and culture is selection by consequences.
- 26Trial-and-error learningCoined by Thorndike to describe results from his puzzle-box and maze-learning experiments. Animals were said to make fewer and fewer errors over repeated trials, learning by trial and error.
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- concepts and principles of behavior analysis Fichas sobre chapter 1, creado por philip bangura el 09/09/2023.
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- philip bangura
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