Fichas
lipids
Fichas del conjunto (33)
- 1define lipidsbiological molecules that are hydrophobic
- 2what are some functions of lipids?energy storage, membranes, hormones, enzyme cofactors
- 3what is the primary form of lipid storage?fatty aicids
- 4define fatty acidscarboxylic acids with hydrocarbon tails ranging from 4 to 36 carbons long (C4 to C36)
- 5what types of fatty acids are there?can be saturated or unsaturated, also can be branched or unbranched
- 6what position is the double bond in monounsaturated fatty acids?it is usually between carbon 9 and 10
- 7what position is the double bond in polyunsaturated fatty acids? what are these double bonds separated with?it is usually on carbon 12 and 15
it is separated by a methylene group - 8double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids are usually in what kind of configuration?cis
- 9what are trans fats?unsaturated fats that have double bonds in the trans configuration instead of the normal cis
- 10what are the two essential fatty acids?omega 3 (alpja linoleic acid) and omega 6 (linoleic acid)
- 11what is omega 3 or ala used to synthesize?EPA and DHA (both are important signaling molecules and infant brain development)
- 12wha tis the optimal dietary ratio of omega 6 to omega 3?between 1:1 and 4:1
- 13define triacylglycerolslipids constructed from fatty acids. have 3 fatty acids each in ester linkage with a single glycerol
- 14what are triacylglycerols' function and why are thy good at it?help with energy storage and insulation because their carbon bonds store more energy than carbohydrates
- 15define biological waxesesters of long-chain c14 to c36 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with long chain (c16 to c30) alcohols
- 16define amphipathicone end of the molecule is hydrophobic but the other is hydrophilic
- 17what are the four different types of lipids in membranes?phospholipids, glycolipids, archaeal tetraether lipids, and sterols
- 18define phospholipdslipids that have hydrophobic regions composed of 2 fatty acids joined to glycerol or sphingosine
- 19define glycolipidslipids that contain a simple sugar or a complex oligosaccharide at the polar ends
- 20define archaeal tetraether lipidslipids that have two long alkyl chains ether linked to glycerol at both ends
- 21define sterolslipids compounds that have a rigid system of four fused hydrocarbon rings
- 22define glycerophospholipidsmembrane lipids in which two fatty acids are attached in ester linkage to the 1st and 2nd carbons of glycerol & a highly polar or charged group is attached through a phosphodiester linkage to the 3rd carbon
- 23define galactolipidsmember of the glycolipids group that predominate in plant cells (in the thylakoid membrane)
- 24define sphingolipidslarge class of membrane phospholipids and glycolipids that have a polar head group & 2 nonpolar tails, with no glycerol and contain one molecule of sphingosine or its derivatives
- 25what kind of lipids determine human blood groups?sphingolipids
- 26what is a sterol's basic structure?consists of four fused rings, almost planar, and rigid
- 27what lipid type is the structural component of eukaryotic membranes?sterols
- 28true or false: cholesterol is amphipathic (iftruetrue
- 29what is another function of sterols beside membrane structure? give an example moleculesteroid hormones regulate gene expression
bile acids (a derivative of cholesterol) emulsifies fats in the intestine to help digestion - 30define eicosanoids (paracrine hormones _substances that act only on cells near the point of hormone synthesis instead of being transported in the blood
- 31define steroidsoxidized derivatives of sterols (lack the alkyl chain attached to ring D of cholesterol)
- 32what do steroid hormones do?move through the bloodstream (on protein carriers) to target tissues
- 33list the lipid vitamins and their functions:A -> cell growth & differentiation, vision
D -> bone formation
E -> cell membranes & antioxidants
K -> blood clotting
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- college (exam 3: carbohydrates, lipids, & nucleic acids) biochemistry Fichas sobre lipids, creado por scout bolick el 06/11/2024.
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- scout bolick
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