Fichas
Cardiovascular System
Fichas del conjunto (23)
- 1MyocardiumWall of the heart.
Specialised cardiac muscle - bulk of wall. - 2Where is the heart located??Behind the sternum.
Above the diaphragm.
Anterior to spine.
(Protected by the ribcage) - 3EndocardiumLines chambers and valves continuous with large blood vessels.
Thin squamous epithelium. - 4EpicardiumTransparent outer layer part of pericardium.
- 5EndocarditisInflammation of the endocardium typically involves heart valves.
- 6Pericardial SacSurrounds the heart.
Space in between the inner and outer pericardial membranes is fulled with pericardial fluid.
Provides lubrication and prevents friction as the heart beats - 7PericarditisInflammation of the pericardium.
Causes surfaces to rub together.
Distinct scratching sounds heard through the stethoscope. - 8Semilunar ValvesPrevent the backflow from the aorta and pulmonary artery back into the heart when the heart contracts.
- 9Pulmonary CirculationBlood travels from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
- 10Systemic CirculationBlood travels from the heart to the body and back to the heart.
- 11Coronary ArteriesBranch off from aorta above aortic semilunar valve - at the aortic sinuses.
High pressure.
Elastic. - 12Myocardium IschemiaReduced blood flow to myocardium.
Angina pectoris. - 13Bardycardia<60 beats/min.
Low body temperature, certain drugs.
Lower resting heart rate in physically fit.
Grossly inadequate blood circulation in unfit. - 14Myocardial InfarctionComplete obstruction of blood flow to part of the myocardium.
- 15Cardiac MuscleInvoluntary, striated, branching fibers.
Connected by intercalated discs.
Single central nucleus. - 16Isovolumetric RelaxationBrief period when volume in ventricles does not change.
Ventricles are relaxed and closed.
remaining blood causes pressure to drop.
Closing of the semilunar valves. - 17Ventricular FillingPressure in the heart is low- AV valves open.
Rapid filling- blood flows from full stria.
Diastasis- smaller volume of blood flows from atria.
Atrial Systole- final 20-30ml blood forced into ventricle. - 18Ventricular Systole (Atria in Diastole)Ventricles contract, pressure rises rapidly, AV valves closed.
Isometic ejection- ventricles closed and blood remains constant.
Ventricular ejection- pressure exceeds arteries, SL valves open, blood is forced outwards. - 19Factors Influencing Stroke Volume1- Preload.
2- Contractility.
3- Afterload. - 20PreloadEffect of stretching on ventricular muscle cells.
The more muscle is stretched = greater contraction force.
Increase in volume or speed of return, increases EDV, SV and contraction force.
More blood in = More blood out.
Balances output from ventricles same volume of blod flowing through systemic and pulmonary system. - 21ContractilityThe contractile strength achieved at a given length.
Enhanced contractility will result in more blood ejected from the heart.
Influenced by: inotropic agents and sympathetic system. - 22AfterloadThe pressure that the ventricles most over come (resistance) to eject blood.
The back pressure that must be overcome to open the SL valves.
Relatively constant in healthy individuals.
As afterload increases- stroke volume decreases. - 23BaroreceptorsPressure/Strech receptors,
Arch of aorta, carotid artery and wall of right atrium.
Detect changes in blood pressure.
Send impulses to CV centre.
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- Human Physiology and Anatomy Fichas sobre Cardiovascular System, creado por izzy-whizzy el 01/05/2013.
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- izzy-whizzy
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