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Ancient Mesopotamia & Egypt

Madison Cain Inglés 32 fichas

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1Name means "land between the rivers"; where the 1st civilization began; present day Iraq & SyriaMesopotamia
2The region in the Middle East which curves, like a quarter-moon shape; known as the Cradle of CivilizationFertile Crescent
3Belief in MANY gods; Ancient Sumerians believed in over 3,000 godsPolytheistic (aka polytheism)
4The massive platform that the Sumerians built their religious temples onZiggurat
5Means "rule by god"; describes a govt. where the ruler is thought to be a God ex. Ancient EgyptTheocracy
61st writing system developed by the Sumerians; "wedge-shape writing"Cuneiform
71st written laws; given to people by Ancient Babylon by King Hammurabi; very strict laws based on principle of an eye for an eye, a tooth for a toothHammurabi's Law Code (33)
8Describes a society dominated by menPatriarchal
9The longest river in the world; Egypt is often called "the gift of the Nile River; Egyptians depended on the Nile for everything.Nile River
10The annual flooding of the Nile River. The flood river left behind rich fertile mud.Inundation
11Rich black mud left behind from the flooding of the Nile riverSilt
12King who united Lower & Upper Egypt around 3100 BCKing Menes (36)
13Means "great house of"; a family of rulersDynasty
14Name for Egyptian KingPharaoh
15Ancient Egyptians thought that when someone died Ka, or the life force, left the physical body; The Ka could drink and eat, but was stuck in the tomb in the body of the mummy or the small statues that were left in the tomb"Ka"
16The Ba was the part of the soul that embarked on a journey to follow the gods; the symbol of the Ba is often shown as a bird with a human head and wings"Ba"
17It was very important to ancient Egyptian religious beliefs that the human body was preserved. Their method of preserving the body was called mummification. The process lasted up to 70 daysMummification
18Containers used to hold the internal organs (lungs, stomach, intestines, liver) of the deceased that was going to be mummified; the jars had lids shaped ad the heads of the 4 sons of HorusCanopic Jars
19A sarcophagus formed the outer layer of protection for a royal mummy, with several layers of coffins nested within, and was often carved out of alabasterSarcophagus
20Earned everlasting fame for being the pharaoh responsible for the Great Pyramid at Giza which he built to serve as his tombKing Khufu (aka Cheops (KEE-ops)
21Largest of the 3 pyramids at Giza; built by King Khufu; the only monument of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World to surviveThe Great Pyramid
22Discovered in 1952 buried under the Great Pyramid; it would be needed to ferry King Khufu's spirit across the sky to be with Ra, the Sun godKing Khufu's boat
23One of the largest and oldest statues in the world. Archeologist believe that it was carved around 2500 BC and that the head is meant to be the likeness of the Pharaoh Khafra.Great Sphinx
24Egyptian picture writingHieroglyphics
25A stone with writing on it in two languages (Egyptian and Greek), using three scripts (hieroglyphic, demotic, and Greek).The Rosetta Stone
26Invaded Egypt; and ruled for 200 years; introduced the horse drawn chariotHyksos
27First great woman ruler in history; she ruled Egypt as king not queen. Sculptures and masks show her with a false beard.Hatshepsut (hat-SHEP-soot)
28Rejected the traditional religion in favor of worshiping the Aten, or sun disc, after whom he renamed himself. He closed all the temples to the old gods and obliterated their names from monuments.Akhenaten (aka Amenhotep)
2917 year old boy pharaoh whose tomb survived untouched by grave robbers; more than 3,000 artifacts discovered in his tomb.King Tut (Tutankhamen)
30Ramses the Great reigned 67 years; fathered over 100 children; defeated the Hittites, the other superpower of ancient times; he declared himself a living god.Ramses II
31Reed like plant that grows on the Nile river Ancient Egyptians used to write onPapyrus
32The spreading of ideas from one culture to another cultureCulture Diffusion