Fichas
Blood
Fichas del conjunto (40)
- 1The function of the cardiovascular system...transport material between cells
- 2Made up of...Blood, heart and blood vessels
- 3Blood distributes...oxygen, carbon dioxide and blood cells
- 4Other functions of blood...delivers nutrients and hormones, transports waste products, assists in temperature control, defence against disease, maintains balance between pro/anti clotting
- 5Name of blood vessels and functionArteries, veins and capillaries
Made to distribute blood around the body - 6Heart function...propel blood around the body and maintain blood pressure
- 7Describe the transportation of dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones and wastes in the blood1. Carries oxygen from lungs to tissues
2. Picks up CO2 in peripheral tissues and transports to lungs
3. Distributes nutrients absorbed by the digestive tract and storage in adipose tissue or liver
4. Carries hormones from endocrine glands to their targets
6. Absorbs wastes produced by cells and carries to kidneys for excretion - 8Blood regulates...the pH and ion composition of interstitial fluids by diffusion. Blood eliminates local deficiencies or excess ion. also absorbs and neutralises acids generated by active tissues
- 9It can restrict...fluid losses at injury sites because it contains enzymes and other substances that respond to breaks in vessel and initiate clotting process.
- 10Defence against..toxins and pathogens by transporting white blood cells that migrate into peripheral tissues to fight infections.
It also transports anti bodies and proteins that attack/target invading organisms/foreign substances - 11Stabilises body...temperature by absorbing heat generated by active skeletal muscles and redistributes to other tissues. When temperature is high heat is lost across surface of skin and when its low warm blood is directed tot he brain and other organs
- 12What makes up blood? and describe those componentsCells - (erythrocytes, leukocytes + platelets (cell fragments of megakaryocytic)
Fibres - fibrinogen converted to fibrin when clotting cascade is activated
Fluid - plasma = fluid/solvent (water) +solutes (proteins & electrolytes)
- AGS + (precursor proteins to) fibres = matrix - 13Blood plasma is...43-63% blood volume
>90% water
>100 different dissolved solutes
serum - 14Name the 5 types of leukocytesMonocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, b lymphocyte & t lymphocyte
- 15Name the process of formation of cellsHaematopoiesis
- 16Describe erythrocyte structureBiconcave disc, diameter 7-8micrometer
no nucleus, no organelles
cytosol packed with haemoglobin which transports oxygen - 17Describe why structure is important for function- Large surface area to volume allowing for fast and efficient gas exchange
- they stack upon each other which allows for entire stack to pass along blood vessel
- flexible to bend and flex when travelling through the blood stream (especially through capillaries) - 18Describe erythrocyte production1. Kidney produces EPO
2. Stimulates bone marrow to produce - 19Average lifespan of RBC120 days
- 20What happens to aged and defective RBCsThey are recycled (by macrophages) in liver, spleen and bone marrow and heme is broken down and secreted in bile
- 21Describe haemoglobinheme = iron globin = protein
It is the molecule responsible for carrying oxygen and co2 around the bloodstream to and from tissues.
It changes shape defending on whether or not oxygen is bound - 22Describe what causes the colour of bloodIt is a reflection of the oxygenation status of the HB molecule
- 23How many oxygen molecules can be carried by HB?4
- 24Function of neutrophilsin bacterial infections, capable of phagocytosis in low o2 conditions
- 25Eosinophils...in parasitic infections, allergies;
- 26Basophils...secret heparin and histamine
- 27lymphocytes B 7 T cells...immune response, antibody production, cell-mediated immunity
- 28monocytes...macrophages, phagocytosis, presentation of antigens to lymphocytes
- 29Describe structure of plateletsdisc-shaped fragments, 2-4 micrometers
membrane, mitochondria and enzyme system but no nucleus - 30Describe clotting processAdhere on activation then form plug then stop bleeding
- 313 key required components of blood coagulation1. Endothelium
2. platelets
3. clotting factors - 32Blood clot =platelets + clotting factors +fibrin
- 33Classification of blood types is based on...the presence/absence of antigenic substances on the surface of RBC
- 34Name types of bloodA, B, AB, O
positive and negative - 35What do letters and positive/negative refer toletters - type of molecule expressed on the RBC surface - type A have A antigens
Posituve/negative - presence/absence of Rhesus (Rh) antigens on surface - 36Why is blood typing important?- Cross-reaction
- If antigens on one blood type come into contact with a different type it can cause agglutination (clumping) and go on to cause haemolysis (destruction of blood cells)
- can block capillaries in kidneys, lungs, heart - 37What is hyperaemia?Inadequate oxygen carrying capacity
- 38What is anaemia?reduction or deficiency of either:
- number of red blood cells
- amount of haemoglobin in RBCs - 39What is hypovolaemia?massive decrease in blood
- 40—
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- Biology Fichas sobre Blood, creado por Lauren c el 29/03/2017.
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- Lauren c
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