Fichas
Pharmacology
Fichas del conjunto (48)
- 1PharmacodynamicsHow the medicine affects the body
- 2PharmacokineticsHow the body deals with the medicine
absorption
distribution
metabolism
elimination - 3routes of absorptionenteral
parenteral
transdermal
respiratory - 4Medical PharmacologyUse of drugs for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disease
- 5Drug ClassesNSAID
- 6How do drugs affect the bodyBy interaction with receptors, transport systems and enzymes
- 7What drugs do not interact with the body and yet have an effectAnti Virals and Anti Microbials
- 8Non Specific Drug actionDrugs that work on the epithelial cells and GI tract not getting into cells
- 9what is a receptorProtein structure found in cell membrane, nucleus and cytosol
- 10What do receptors doallow cell interaction by responding to signals that cells send out i.e. hormones and neurotransmitters
- 11how are receptors specificthey are a particular shape. if we can make drugs fit that shape we can use the receptor
- 12What is an agonistAgent that binds to a receptor causing a response
- 13what is a partial agonistAgent that binds to a receptor and causes a submaximal response
- 14antagonistagent that bonds to a receptor but causes no response
- 15what is specificitythe ability of a ligand to bind to a receptor
i.e shape and fit - - 16what does specificity determine?the effects and side effects of a drug
- 17What is affinityA measure of how strongly a ligand binds to a receptor
- 18what does affinity determine?How easily a drug that is bound can be replaced by another drug
- 19what is efficacyThe ability of the ligand to activate the receptor and produce the response
- 20Types of receptorAdrenergenic
Histaminergenic - 21What are the 4 principles of pharmacokineticsAD ME
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination - 22what is absorptionhow the drug gets into the body
- 23what is distributionwhere the drug goes to in the body
- 24what is metabolismhow the body chemically modifies the drug
into a form that is easily excreted - 25Excretionhow the body gets rid of the drug
- 26what is the maximum concentrationthe highest level the drug achieves in the blood from the dose delivered
- 27what is the half life?the time it takes for a drug to drop from its maximum level to half it's maximum level
- 28rate and extent of absorption depends onroute of administration
dose (amount and frequency)
nature of drug (pH lipophilia etc) - 29What is bioavailabilityThe amount of drug that enters the systemic circulation following administration
- 30what is first pass metabolismthe reduction in bioavailability caused by metabolism that occurs before the drug enters systemic circulation
- 31advantages of the oral routeconvenience
compliance
large surface area - 32disadvantages of the oral routefirst pass metabolism
- 33advantages of iv routerapid
reliable absorption
large volumes
continuous infusion
no first pass metabolism - 34disadvantages of ivpain
infection
more difficult to administer
possible toxic effects from bolus - 35how are drugs distributed in the bloodbound to proteins, often albumin
only % not bound is free
drug interations if two are protein bound - 36stomach pH?3ish
- 37duodenal pH?8ish
- 38what is the blood brain barrierthe capillaries in the cns are not porous-difficult to get through - protective
- 39what are the major enzymes involved in drug metabolismcytochrome p450 (CYP)
- 40Common drugs that can cause liver enzyme induction or inhibitionalcohol
carbamazepine
phenytoin
phenobarbitone
rifampin
Anticonvulsant – Sodium Valproate
Anti-TB medication – Isoniazid
Anti-fungals - fluconazole
Anti-bacterials – Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin - 41what is the main organ of drug eliminationthe kidney
- 42what is used as a measure of renal functioncreatinine clearence
- 43what increases the likelihood of drug interactionspolypharmacy
elderly
chronically ill
critically ill
food
smoking
alcohol - 44what does A-PINCH stand forAminoglycosides and Vancomycin
Potassium and other electrolytes
insulins
Narcotics Opioids and sedatives
Cytotoxic medicines
Heparin and all anticoagulants - 45What are A-Pinch drugsHigh alert medications that carry a high risk of significant patient harm if given in error
- 46what does SALAD stand forsound alike look alike drugs eg naloxone and lanoxin
- 47what is the most effective way of reducing medication errorautomation, computerisation, forced functions and constraints
- 48what are latent failuresfactors that could contribute to the error
they lie dormant until they contribute
Información
- Descripción
- Pharmacology for nurses and midwives
- Creado por
- Eavan Brennan · nov 2019
- Actualizado
- 6 dic 2019
- Visitas
- 6
- Etiquetas
- Valoración