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F212: Classification, Biodiversity & Evolution
Fichas del conjunto (25)
- 1What is the study of classification called?Taxonomy
- 2What is Phylogeny?The study of the evolutionary history of groups of organisms
- 3What is classification?The act of arranging organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences.
- 4What are the 8 taxonomic groups?Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species - 5What are the key features of organisms in Kingdom Prokaryotae?Prokaryotic
Unicellular
No nucleus
Less than 5µm
Few organelles
Smaller ribosomes
2 groups: true & ancient bacteria - 6What are the key features of organisms found in Kingdom Protoctista?Eukaryotic
Usually live in water
Unicellular or simple multicellular
They're put into this group as they don't fit anywhere else
Feed heterotrophically or autotrophically - 7What are key features of organisms found in Kingdom Fungi?Eukaryotic
Chitin cell walls
Either saprotrophic or parasitic
Include unicellular yeast & threads called hyphae - 8What are the key features of organisms found in Kingdom Plantae?Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Cell walls made of cellulose
Can photosynthesise
Contain chlorophyll
Autotrophic (produce their own food) - 9What are the key features of organisms found in Kingdom Animalia?Eukaryotic
Multicellular
No cell walls
Heterotrophic (consume plants & animals) - 10What is the binomial system of naming organisms?A universal latin name with 2 parts
1st part is the genus name (& has a capital letter)
2nd part is the species name (& doesn't have a capital)
The name is always either underlined or written in italics - 11Classification used to be solely based on observable features. What is it now based on?1) Molecular evidence (e.g. DNA base sequences)
2) Embryological evidence (e.g. similarities in an organisms early development)
3) Anatomical evidence (e.g. structure & function of different body parts)
4) Behavioural evidence - 12What is the 3 domain classification system?It works with the 5 kingdom systems, & has 3 'domains' which are above the kingdoms. The 3 domains are: Bacteria, Archaea & Eukarya
The system takes into account the large differences between ancient & true bacteria - 13Define speciesA group of similar organisms able to reproduce to give fertile offspring
- 14Define habitatThe area inhabited by a species. It includes the physical factors, like the soil & temperature range, and the living (biotic) factors like food availability and predator presence.
- 15Define biodiversity.The variety of living organisms in an area
- 16Define habitat diversityThe number of different habitats in an area.
- 17Define species diversity.The number of different species and the abundance of each species in an area.
- 18Define genetic diversity.The variation of alleles within a species (or a population of a species).
- 19What can we do to ensure the areas sampled are random when measuring the biodiversity of a habitat?The habitat being sampled could be split into a grid, and a random number generator could b used to pick out coordinates.
- 20What is species richness and how can it be measured?It's the number of different species in an area.
It's measured by taking random samples of a habitat and counting the number of different species. - 21What is species evenness and how can it be measured?It's a measure of the relative abundance of each species in an area.
It's measured by taking random samples of a habitat and counting the number of individuals of each species. - 22What is the equation for Simpson's index of diversity? What does the result show?D=1-(∑(n/N)^2)
Where n=Total number of individuals of one species
N= Total number of all organisms of all species.
Result is always between 0 and 1
The closer to 1 the result is, the more diverse the habitat - 23Describe the current estimates of global biodiversity.1) There 1.5-1.75m named species.
2) Scientists agree that a large proportion of species haven't been named yet. Some haven't even been discovered.
3) Estimates normally range from a total 5-100m species. Most recently, 14m species has been suggested. - 24Define variationIt's the differences that exist between individuals.
- 25Define intraspecific and interspecific variation.Intraspecific: variation within a species.
Interspecific: variation between different species
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- A Level (F212) Biology Fichas sobre F212: Classification, Biodiversity & Evolution, creado por helen.rebecca el 16/03/2015.
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- helen.rebecca · mar 2015
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