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Week 09

tyson.schierholt Aging Inglés 57 fichas

Fichas del conjunto (57)

  1. 1A longitudinal study of 678 sisters 75-107 years old who are members of the School Sisters of Notre Dame congregationThe Nun Study
  2. 2What 2 main factors determine whether or not a participant exhibit symptoms of dementia of maintains a state of healthy aging?1. The degree of pathology present in the brain
    2. The degree of resistance to the clinical expression of the neuropathology
  3. 3The clinical consequences of neuropathological lesions depend on what 3 factors?1. Location
    2. Type
    3. Amount
  4. 4The capacity of the brain to resist the expression of symptoms in the face of existing neuropathologyCognitive reserve
  5. 5Cognitive reserve is divided into 2 components: Active and Passive. Which component incorporates the biological processes and capacities of people?Passive
  6. 6Cognitive reserve is divided into 2 components: Active and Passive. Which component is viewed as a measure of the brain's ability to compensate for the presence of pathology?Active
  7. 7In what 3 ways do mental abilities change as people age?1. Development as multidimensional
    2. Development as multidirectional
    3. Development as plastic
  8. 8Skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and experience, good judgement, and mastery of social conventions (eg. abilities acquired because of a person's culture)Crystallized intelligence
    (eg. vocabulary, verbal comprehension, logical reasoning, general information)
  9. 9Skills that depend heavily on basic information-preocessing skills (eg. detecting relationships among stimuli, and capacity of working memory)Fluid intelligence
    (eg. Spatial visualization, symbol search)
  10. 10When are people intellectually in their prime? (Young adult, Middle-aged adult, Young-old, Older-old)Middle-aged adults
  11. 11Which type of intelligence decreases more in later life? (Fluid or crystallized intelligence)Fluid intelligence
  12. 12Processing speed declines as neurons in the brain die causing breaks in neural networks. What view states that the brains forms bypasses with new synapses that are less efficient?Neural network view of processing speed
  13. 13Which view of processing speed accounts for the greater loss of information as the information moves through the brain, slowing down the whole system?Information-loss view of processing speed
  14. 14True/False: Maintaining 2 tasks at once remains the same difficulty as a person ages.False
    (It becomes more challenging)
  15. 15Resistance to interference from irrelevant informationInhibition
  16. 16True/False: The amount of information that people can store in working memory declines with age.True
  17. 17What type of knowledge allows the ability to maximize memory?Accumulated metacognitive knowledge
  18. 18On what aspect of the cognitive system does aging have little impact?Metacognition
  19. 19What requires people to size up real-world situations and analyze how best to achieve goals that have a high degree of uncertainty?Practical problem solving
  20. 20An extensive, highly organized, and integrated knowledge base that can be used to support a high level of performance.Expertise
  21. 21True/False: Youthful creativity is often deliberate and thoughtful.False
    (It is often spontaneous and emotional)
  22. 22What does creativity become after age 40?Deliberate and Thoughtful
  23. 23When is creativity largely egocentric and when is it more altruistic?Egocentric creativity = Youth
    Altruistic creativity = Adult
  24. 24Which gender are most adult learners?Women
  25. 25True/False: Education transforms development and often profoundly reshapes the life course.True
  26. 26Narrowing of goals, selecting activities to optimize, and compensating for lossesSelective optimization with compensation
  27. 27Recall of everyday experiencesEpisodic memory
  28. 28True/False: Difficulties in episodic memory rises substantially in old age.True
  29. 29A fairly automatic type of memory that demands little mental effortRecognition
  30. 30Which suffers more in late adulthood: Recognition or Recall?Recall
  31. 31Memory without conscious awarenessImplicit memory
  32. 32True/False: Age differences in implicit memory are much greater than explicit (deliberate) memory.False
  33. 33Difficulty creating and retrieving links between pieces of informationAssociative memory deficit
  34. 34How can someone improve their associative memory?Helpful memory cues
  35. 35Very long-term memoryRemote memory
  36. 36True/False: Intermediate events are more frequently recalled than both remote and recent events by people between ages 50 and 90.False
    (Remote and recent events are more easily recalled)
  37. 37When do most remote events happen? (Reminiscence bump)Ages 10 and 30
  38. 38Culturally shared, important life events (School, prom, graduation, marriage, childbirth)Reminiscence bump
  39. 39Memory that refers to remembering to engage in planned actions in the futureProspective memory
  40. 40True/False: Older adults do better on event-based (event serves as a cue) than time-based (passage of time) memory tasks.True
  41. 41True/False: Once a prospective memory task is finished, older adults find it hard to stop, so they will often repeat tasks again.True
  42. 42What 2 aspects of language production show age-related losses?1. Retrieving words from long-term memory
    2. Planning what to say and how to say it
  43. 43True/False: Older adults develop compensatory techniques for their language production problems.True
    (eg. speak slowly)
  44. 44True/False: Older people are less active and effective in solving problems of everyday life.False
    (Not as long as they perceive the problems under their control)
  45. 45True/False: Older adults are less likely to consult others for advice.False
  46. 46True/False: Older married couples are more likely to collaborate in problem solving.True
  47. 47Breadth and depth of practical knowledge and ability to reflect on and apply this knowledge in ways that make life more bearable and worthwhileWisdom
  48. 48What type of maturity includes the ability to listen patiently and empathetically, and give sound advice?Emotional maturity
  49. 49What are the 5 ingredients of wisdom?1. Knowledge about fundamental concerns of life.
    2. Effective strategies that apply knowledge for making life decisions.
    3. Consideration for the multiple demands of life contexts.
    4. Concern with ultimate human values.
    5. Awareness and management of life's uncertainties.
  50. 50True/False: Age guarantees that a person will have wisdom.False
  51. 51What contributes to late-life wisdom?The experience from having faced and overcome adversity.
  52. 52True/False: Wisdom is a powerful contributor to human welfare and gratification in old age.True
  53. 53What status powerfully predicts older adults' cognitive functioning?Health status
    (eg. chronic disease linked with cognitive declines)
  54. 54Acceleration in deterioration of cognitive functioning prior to deathTerminal decline
  55. 55True/False: Participation of older adults in continuing education has decreased slightly over the past few decades.False
    (It has increased substantially)
  56. 56True/False: Older adults' willingness to acquire new knowledge and skills is shown through the use of online technology.True
  57. 57Participants in lifelong learning tend to be from which SES bracket?High SES
    (Tend to be active, well-educated, and rich)

Información

Descripción
Week 9 flashcards
Creado por
tyson.schierholt · abr 2015
Actualizado
19 feb 2016
Visitas
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