Fichas
T4 - Origins of The Cold War
Fichas del conjunto (55)
- 1What year and month was Yalta?February 1945
- 2What were the four big agreements at Yalta?Germany to be split into 4 zones. Free elections in Eastern Europe. The UN to replace the LofN. Soviet 'sphere of influence'.
- 3What was the mood at Yalta and why? (3 points)Quite friendly - Roosevelt and Stalin got on, they were all open to negotiation, they were still in the war together.
- 4What changed in between Yalta and Potsdam? (5 points)Germany surrendered. Churchill was replaced with Attlee. Roosevelt died and Truman took over. The USSR expanded. The US tested an atomic bomb.
- 5What year and month was Potsdam?August 1945
- 6Why did Americans hate Communists and vise versa?They had very different, conflicting ideologies. Communist world revolution was a threat to US democracy, US influence was a threat to Communism.
- 7What did Truman and Stalin disagree on at Potsdam?Whether to cripple Germany, how much reparations to take from Germany, Soviet policy in eastern Europe.
- 8What was Stalin's policy in eastern Europe? (3 points)His troops controlled countries liberated from the Nazi's. He set up a Communist government in Poland. He claimed it was all for self-defence.
- 9When did the US and the USSR make their first A-bombs respectively?US - 1945. USSR - 1949.
- 10When did the US and the USSR develop their first H-bombs, respectively?US - 1952. USSR - 1955.
- 11What was Cominform?Communist Information Bureau that ensured USSR kept control of the Communist states.
- 12What was Comecon?Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, set up 1949, to nationalise state industries and improve agriculture.
- 13What country behind the Iron Curtain almost remained democratic and what happened?In Feburary 1945, in Czechoslovakia, the Communist party seized control.
- 14What country was the exception to Moscow control, who was their leader and what happened?Yugoslavia was communist but more open to the West, it's leader Tito arguing with Stalin. Aid was cut off but Stalin didn't invade.
- 15Why did the US and the USSR never fight?They were scared of the devastating power of nuclear weapons.
- 16What three (linked) policies did President Truman implement?The Marshall Plan, the Truman Doctrine, Containment.
- 17What was The Marshall Plan and what event caused Congress to pass it?$17 billion in aid to war damaged countries so they wouldn't go communist. Passed after Czechoslovakia was seized.
- 18What was the Truman Doctrine?The USA would send money, advisors, equipment and as a last resort troops to any nation threatened by a Communist takeover.The USA would send money, advisors, equipment and as a last resort troops to any nation threatened by a Communist takeover.
- 19What happened in Greece, when, and what did the USA do?In 1946 Civil war between monarchy and communists that GB could no longer support, USA supplied funded GB support.
- 20How much money did the US send to Greece and Turkey?$400 million in aid.
- 21What did the Western powers do in their zones of Germany that caused the Berlin Blockade and when? (3 points)In 1946 Bizonia was formed, a single government set up and in 1948 the currency was reformed.
- 22Why did Stalin blockade Berlin? (3 points)He saw the reformation of West Germany as provocative, he wanted to keep Germany weak, and he wanted to show authority.
- 23How many tonnes of supplies were airlifted in per day?By 1949 8000 tonnes were air lifted in.
- 24How long did the Berlin Blockade last?10 months.
- 25What was the effect of the Berlin Blockade?Not much – neither side gained anything and it just made them more stubborn and resentful.
- 26What was NATO and when was it formed?North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, formed in 1949, an agreement that the West will fight together if one of them is attacked.
- 27When did Bizonia become West Germany and what was East Germany formally called?1949, and East Germany was the German Democratic Republic.
- 28When did North Korea attack South Korea and why? (2 points)In 1950 North Korea wanted to unite the country again and make the South communist.
- 29Why did the US convince the UN to attack North Korea? (2 points)They were worried about Communism in Asia and were exercising containment.
- 30Who was the commander of the US troops in Korea, 1950?General MacArthur, an American.
- 31Why did China join the Korean war?The USA tried to drive Communism from North Korea too, and neared the River Yalu, the border.
- 32When did Truman call a ceasefire in Korea and why?In 1951 talks began, and a ceasefire was organised in 1953. Continuing the war could have involved the USSR and a world war, which was too dangerous.
- 33When did Stalin die?1953
- 34Who took over from Stalin and what effect did this have?Khrushchev caused a thaw in international relations by his policy of ‘peaceful coexistence’.
- 35What did Khrushchev do to promote peace? (3 points)He agreed to the Austrian State Treaty in 1955 and met Eisenhower in the same year at the Geneva Summit. He freed prisoners and reduced censorship.
- 36Who was the new US president and when were they elected?Eisenhower was elected in 1952.
- 37What was SEATO and CENTO and when were they formed?The South-East Asia Treaty Organisation was formed in 1954 and The Central Treaty Organisation was formed in 1955.
- 38What was the Warsaw Pact and when was it set up?A military pact between the USSR and its satellite states, set up in 1955.
- 39Why was the Warsaw Pact set up?It was a response to NATO.
- 40Who was Nagy, when did he come to power and why?Nagy was the liberal Communist Hungarian Prime Minster who came to power in 1956, after Rákosi was thrown out.
- 41What did Nagy do that caused the Hungarian Uprising and when?At the end of October/start of November 1956 Nagy announced that Hungary was leaving the Warsaw pact.
- 42What country was Nagy trying to mimic?Austria, which had become neutral in 1955.
- 43What was the Soviet response and when did it occur?Dawn of the 4th of November 1956 Soviet tanks invaded Hungary.
- 44What happened when the tanks rolled in? (3 points)Over 20,000 Hungarians were killed, Nagy was arrested, and Kadar was made PM.
- 45Why didn’t the US do anything? (2 points)The draft UN resolution was vetoed by the USSR and the US couldn’t risk nuclear war.
- 46What did the Hungarian Uprising show?That despite the thaw in Khrushchev’s policies, he could still be harsh.
- 47What is an ICBM?An Intercontinental Ballistic Missile.
- 48What country first test fired an ICBM and when did they do this?The USSR in 1957.
- 49What did the US call their first ICBM and when did they launch it?Atlas ICBM was launched in 1957.
- 50What country had the first submarine-launched ICBM, what was it called and when did they do this?In 1960 the US launched the Polaris missile.
- 51In 1961 how many ICBM’s did the US have, and in 1967 how many ICBM’s did they have?In 1961 they had 200, by 1967 they had 1000.
- 52When and why did the USSR catch up?1967 onwards the US was preoccupied by the Vietnam war.
- 53Who got the first man in space, when and who was he?The USSR sent Yuri Gagarin into space in 1961.
- 54What was the US’s space program called?The Apollo program.
- 55Who got the first man on the moon, when and who was he?The US sent Neil Armstrong to the moon in 1969.