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Epistemology: Knowledge & Perception Key Terms
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- 1direct realismthe view that the immediate objects of perception are mind independent objects and their properties, which we have direct access to as they exist in the external world
- 2illusionoccurs when one's perception misrepresents reality (shared experience, one sense only)
- 3hallucinationthe perception of an object or objects in the absence of these objects, which feels qualitatively no different from a genuine perception (individual, multisensory)
- 4perceptual variationthe fact that perception is perspectival, and the same conditions can be perceived entirely differently depending on the relative position of the viewer to the event
- 5time-lagour perception depends upon light being reflected off objects and being detected by our eyes, and there is a small delay in this process
- 6indirect realismthe immediate objects of perception are mind dependent sense data which are caused by and represent mind independent objects in the external world
- 7sense data (4 things)sense data are (1) subjective, (2) mind dependent, (3) private and (4) infallible
- 8primary qualitiesproperties that exist within the objects themselves and are essential to the objects, independent of human perception
- 9secondary qualitiesdependent upon human perception, inessential to the object, caused by primary qualities
- 10idealismantirealist theory of perception, the immediate objects of perception are mind dependent sense data which is the only reality
- 11the objectivity of space and timeobjects continue to exist and change even when they are outside of all human perception
- 12solipsismthe view that all that exists is my mind
- 13ability knowledgepractical form of knowledge that involves knowing how to perform certain tasks
- 14acquaintance knowledgewhen one can be said to have come into contact with something and in doing so been made aware of it (I know your dad; I know the area)
- 15propositional knowledgeotherwise known as factual knowledge, consciously believing that a proposition is true
- 16tripartite viewS knows that P if and only if S believes that P, S is justified in believing that P, and P is true
- 17beliefthe willingness to assent to a proposition
- 18false lemmafalse belief; inference from false belief(s)
- 19epistemic virtues (list 5)careful analysis of available evidence, lack of bias and prejudice, a clear and open mind, a reliable memory & the ability to make sound judgements
- 20concept empiricismall concepts are derived from sense experience
- 21impressionsforceful and vivid perceptions of the mind
- 22ideasfaint and obscure perceptions of the mind
- 23simple ideaone which cannot be broken down any further, an atomic element of thought
- 24complex ideaa conglomerate of simpler ideas which it can be broken down into
- 25innate conceptconcept present in the mind prior to or at birth
- 26knowledge empiricismall synthetic knowledge is a posteriori; all knowledge of the world is gained through sense experience
- 27a priori intuitionfoundational truths of reason so self evident they cannot be doubted without self contradiction
- 28a priori demonstrationthe deduction of more complex truths from a combination of a priori intuitions and a priori reasoning
- 29a prioriindependent of sense experience
- 30a posterioridependent on sense experience
- 31analytictrue by definition; the predicate is contained within the subject
- 32syntheticpredicate is not contained within the subject
- 33necessarily truemust be true, cannot be doubted without self contradiction; true of all possible worlds
- 34contingently truehappen to be true but might not have been, can be denied without contradiction
- 35possible worlda way the world could have been
- 36deductive argumentthe truth of the premises guarantee the truth of the conclusion
- 37inductive argumentthe premises support, but cannot guarantee the conclusion; one can agree with the premises and deny the conclusion without self contradiction
- 38realismobjects exist independently of the mind
- 39antirealismthere are no objects that exist independently of the mind
- 40epistemologythe study of knowledge
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- AS level Philosophy (Epistemology) Flashcards created by Lilli Flahh on 26/03/2017.
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- Lilli Flahh
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