Fichas
Methods in Context
Fichas del conjunto (48)
- 1Using experiments to study education-Application in the classroom
-Reliability
-Ethical problems
-Limited application
-Controlling all the variables - 2Reliability-Simple
-Easy to repeat - 3Ethical problems-Pupils are more vulnerable and are less able to understand what is happening to them
-Less able to give informed consent
- - 4Limited application-Experiments are small scale and can only examine a small scale of behaviour.
-Larger issues such as social class and achievement cannot easily be studied using this method. - 5Controlling all the variables-Experiments require researchers to control the variables in the situation however schools are large complex institutions with lots of variables that affect teachers and students behaviour.
- 6Using questionnaires to study education-Practical issues
-Sampling frames
-Response rate
Researching pupils
-Operationalising concepts
-Samples
-Validity - 7Practical issues-Questionnaires useful for gathering large amounts of information quickly and cheaply.
- 8Sampling frames-Ready made sampling frames.
-They keep lists of pupils and staff
-These provide accurate sampling frames from which to draw representative sample. - 9Response rate-Head teacher put authority behind research putting pressure on staff and pupils to cooperate.
- 10Researching pupils-Shorter attention spam
-So sort questions be more effective than than lengthy interviews.
-This limits the amount of information that can be obtained - 11Operationalising concepts-Young people have a poorer grasp on abstract ideas so may not understand some of the questions the researcher asks
- 12SamplesSchools may not have lists that reflect researchers interests
- 13Validity-Life experiences of children are narrower so they may not know the answers to the questions.
- 14Using structured interviews to study education-Response rate
-Reliability
-Validity
-Question design
-Ethical issues
-Power and status differences - 15Response rate-Take less time
-Dont disrupt schools activities
-More official support fro the research
-Increase response rate - 16Reliability-Easy to replicate
-Large scale patterns in educational behaviour can be identified - 17Validity-Young people have better verbal than literacy skills
-Researchers may be more successful than written questionnaires as a method of obtaining valid answers. - 18Question design-Young people need help with clarification and hep with the questions being asked which doesn't happens in structured interviews
- 19Ethical issuesNeed parental permission to interview children
- 20Power and status differences-Pupils seek adult approval by giving untrue socially acceptable answers
-See researcher as 'teacher in disguise'
-This will reduce validity of interview data - 21Using unstructured interviews to study education-Power and status inequality
-Practical issues
-Validity
-Reliability
-Social desirability
-Interviewer training - 22Power and status inequality-Labovs research found that unstructured interviews can help people open up more and respond fully. This produces more valid data.
- 23Practical issues-UI give more time and space and encouragement to work out their responses.
-Young people have short attention spam - 24Validity-Interviewer can clear up misunderstanding by explaining questions.
-Children struggle keeping to the point and give irrelevant responses to the question - 25Reliability-Some interviewers maintain relaxed atmosphere with a smile and eye contact.
-Cannot be standardised, so different interviewers may obtain different results, reducing reliability. - 26Social desirability-Unstructured interviews allows researchers to probe behind images such as teachers trying to look professional and put themselves in a good light.
- 27Using structured observation to study education-Pratical issues
-Reliability
-Validity
-Observer presence - 28Practical issues-Quicker
-Cheaper
-Require less training
-Some school situations preteen involve too many different behaviours to be categorised. - 29Reliability-Limited behaviour categories can easily be established for use in observation.
-Easy to replicate classroom observations. - 30Validity-Counting classroom behaviour and classifying it into a limited number of pre-determined categories ignores the meanings that pupils and teachers attach to it.
- 31Observer presence-Off putting
-Likely to affect pupils and teachers behaviour reducing validity. - 32Using participant observation to study education-Validity
-Pratical issues
-Ethical issues
-The Hawthorne effect
-Representativeness - 33ValidityBoth teachers and pupils are skilled in altering their behaviour when being observed by those in authority. Making it difficult for researchers to know if its genuine behaviour.
- 34Practical issues-Observation less disruptive than interviews therefore more able to get permission.
-However observation restricted by timetables and holidays. - 35The Hawthorne effect-Teachers suspicious of someone in the classroom and could alter their behaviour.
- 36RepresentativenessEducation system is vast with over 35,000 schools and colleges. This makes representativeness virtually impossible to achieve with this method.
- 37Using official statistics to study education-Practical issues
-Representativeness
-Reliability
-Validity - 38Pratical issuesGovernment collects statistics from schools which saves sociologists time and money.
They are also interested in the same topics sociologists are looking at. - 39RepresentativenessThey cover virtually every pupil in the country so very representative.
- 40ReliabilityThe same collection process is replicated from year to year, allowing direct comparisons to be made.
However government may change definitions and categories. - 41ValiditySchools may manipulate their statistical records because there is pressure on them to represent themselves.
this undermines the validity of statistics. - 42Using documents to study education-Practical issues
-Ethical issues
-Reliability
-Credibility
-Representativeness
-Validity - 43Practical issuesLarge amount of information about education is made public.
- 44Ethical issuesFew ethical concerns as they have been made public however personal documents is different.
- 45ReliabilitySchool documents are in a systematic format and so researchers can draw direct comparisons.
Accidental mistakes made when making these documents reduce their reliability. - 46CredibilitySchools want to present themselves in the best way and so many documents are constructed. Making them less believable and less valid.
- 47RepresentativenessNot all behaviour is recorded reducing representativeness. Personal documents collected in an unsystematic way so less representativeness.
- 48ValidityAll documents have different interpretations. Age and the other differences between the researcher and pupils mean that the researcher cannot be sure that their interpretation of the meaning of pupils' personal document is accurate.
Información
- Descripción
- AS level Sociology Fichas sobre Methods in Context, creado por Nick Drewe el 12/06/2017.
- Creado por
- Nick Drewe
- Visitas
- 4
- Valoración