Immune response

IMMUNE RESPONSE

There are specific and non-specific defences

Non-specific:

Skin Tears Mucus Nostril hair Phagocytes

Specific:

T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes

Phagocytosis

Activation of T cells

This activation results in the T cells dividing by Mitosis into the different types of T cells

Cytotoxic T cells - respond to antigen presenting cells - this is cell mediated immunity

Produce protein called perforin that makes holes in CSM

Means CSM freely permeable and thus the cell dies

Most effective against viruses

When antibody on B cell meets complimentary antigen, it binds to it

B cells are covered in antibodies

Each B cell has a different shaped antibody on its surface so different B cells have antibodies that bind to different antigens

This binding + substances released by T cells activates the B cell - process known as clonal selection

Activated B cell divides into Plasma cells

Plasma cells secrete many antibodies specific to antigen - Monoclonal Antibodies

Antibodies stick pathogens together in process called agglutination.

Phagocytes then bind to antibodies and the pathogen is destroyed

We have cell mediated response and humoral response