Vaccination

Vaccination

1. Canine

   • Routine Vaccines
     • Every 3 years
       • canine distemper
         • fever
         • eye and nasal discharge
         • vomiting, diarrhoea = dehydration
         • encephalitis
           • slobbering, seizures, head bobbing
       • Canaine adenovirus type 2
         • hepatitis
           • respiratory infection
       • Canine parvovirus
         • cardiac form
           • virus attacks heart muscle of puppies and they die quickly
         • intestinal form
           • lethargy, vomiting, fever, and diarrhea (usually bloody
             • dehydration can assist secondary infection involvement
     • Every year
       • Canine parainfluenza
         • part of kennel cough syndrome
       • Leptospirosis
         • Leptospira canicola
         • Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae
         • flu like symptoms
     • Puppies under 12 weeks
       • 1st dose: 6-10 weeks old, full vaccine (DA2PPiL)
       • 2nd dose, full vaccine at 12 weeks old
     • Puppies over 12 weeks
       • 1st dose: full vaccine
       • 2nd dose: just 'L' two weeks later
   • Kennel Cough
     • intra-nasal vaccine
       • locally protects against SOME of the aetiological agents
         • boretella is always in the vaccine
           • most common and severe cause
           • usually used with parainfluenza
     • boost every 12 months
     • need to vaccinate 5 days before risk
   • Rabies Virus
     • DOI= 3 years
     • DEFRA: no longer do adequate serological response post vaccination
     • encephalitis
   • Canine herpes virus
     • Not in UK
     • causes a fatal hemorrhagic disease in puppies
     • transmitted to puppies in the birth canal and by contact with infected oral and nasal secretions from the mother or other infected dogs, but it is not spread through the air.
   • Canine coronavirus
     • highly contagious intestinal disease
     • incubation period is one to three days
     • Symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, and anorexia.
   • Babesia canis canis & Babesia canis rossi
     • as PET passport scheme got rid of quarantine, babesia now back in UK
     • Vaccine only in south France
     • parasite invades and destroys RBC
       • anaemia

2. Feline

   • Routine Vaccination
     • Feline Rhinotracheitis herpesvirus
       • flu
     • Feline calicivirus
       • flu
     • Feline panleucopenia virus
       • enteritis
     • Feline Leukaemia virus
       • rising popularity
   • Vaccine protocol
     • 2 injections: 1st @ 8-9 weeks old
     • 2nd 3-4 weeks later
     • repeat all after 1 year
       • THEN
         • Every year
           • rhinotracteitis, calicivirus, chlamydiosis and leukaemia
         • Every three years
           • panleucopaenia
   • less common feline vaccines
     • rabies
     • chlamydophilia felis
       • more common now due to showing of cats
         • clinical signs
           • conjunctivitus
           • mild upper resp symptoms
     • Bordetella bronchiseptica
       • upper resp tract disease

3. Why Vaccinate?

   • Can be used to protect animals from potential diseases

4. Vaccinating younger animals

   • poor capability to respond to vaccination:
     • immune system not mature enough or competent
     • can interefere with meternally dervied antibodies (MDA)
       • Vaccine wont work
         • no protection at all for animal
       • MDA get ruined

5. Factors affecting vaccination

   • general health/nutrition
     • better health = better vaccine response
   • adjuvant incorporation
     • provide slow release of antigen
       • constant trigger of antibody forming mechanisms

6. Virbagen Omega

   • Feline
     • treatment of feline viral disease
   • Canines
     • licensed for the treatment of canine parvovirus infection
   • The type I interferons (including IFN alpha and IFN beta) are a family of antiviral proteins.
     • The main natural source of IFN alpha is the macrophage. IFN Beta is sourced from mahny different cells
   • Both molecules bind to the same cell surface receptor and trigger similar biological responses
     • inhibition of viral replication
     • increased activity of Natural Killer (NK) cells
     • increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules by virally infected cells
     • enhancement of the activity of Th1 T lymphocytes that cause cell-mediated immunity