13095772
Description
Mind Map by Somto Ibeme, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Somto Ibeme
about 6 years ago
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Biology - Infection and response
- MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
- produced from a single clone of cells
- all cells have markers (antigen),
microbial antigens seen as 'foreign'
- able to target specific cells
- able to target specific cells
- inject antigen into mouse
- collect spleen cells (where antibody)
- fuse spleen cells w/ myeloma cells (cancerous cells)
- culture (produce large amounts)
- isolate them (chromatography, filtration)
- isolate them (chromatography, filtration)
- culture (produce large amounts)
- fuse spleen cells w/ myeloma cells (cancerous cells)
- collect spleen cells (where antibody)
- pregnancy tests, produce HCG bind
to m. antibodies
- anticancer drug to m. antibody for
cancer cell antigen
- drug only affect cancerous cells no
damage to rest of body
- too many side effects
- too many side effects
- drug only affect cancerous cells no
damage to rest of body
- diagnosis HIV, herpes, blood hormone levels
- produced from a single clone of cells
- HUMAN BODY DEFENCE
- 1st line of defence: physical + chemical
barriers (skin, eyes: antiseptic liquid)
- 2nd line of defence: phagocytes, engulf
pathogens, break down w/ enzymes
- 3rd line of defence: lymphocytes
produce antibodies+ antitoxins
- memory lymphocytes: remember
anitbody produced, very quickly
- 1st response, takes long time to
produce antibodies for infection,
- 2nd response more antibodies
produce over short period of time
- (after reinforcement of booster)
- (after reinforcement of booster)
- 2nd response more antibodies
produce over short period of time
- 1st response, takes long time to
produce antibodies for infection,
- memory lymphocytes: remember
anitbody produced, very quickly
- 3rd line of defence: lymphocytes
produce antibodies+ antitoxins
- 2nd line of defence: phagocytes, engulf
pathogens, break down w/ enzymes
- herd immunity
- vaccinate 80& of population, less
chance coming in contact w/ disease
- vaccinations: weakened, live/ genetically
modified microbes
- vaccinations: weakened, live/ genetically
modified microbes
- vaccinate 80& of population, less
chance coming in contact w/ disease
- 1st line of defence: physical + chemical
barriers (skin, eyes: antiseptic liquid)
- COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
- infectious
- transmitted through ...
- food
- water
- air (sneezing,coughing)
- touch
- food
- virus not alive, only reproduce in cells
- fungui
- athletes foot
- athletes foot
- virus
- HIV, zika, ebola
- HIV, zika, ebola
- bacteria
- tuberculosis, MRSA, ringworm
- tuberculosis, MRSA, ringworm
- pathogen: a microbe causing disease
- infectious
- DRUGS AND DEVELOPMENT
- antibiotics
- kill/slow down growth of pathogen
- not virus
- kill/slow down growth of pathogen
- antifungal
- antivirals
- prevents viral infections
- prevents viral infections
- antibacterial
- come under antibiotics, only
affects bacteria
- come under antibiotics, only
affects bacteria
- paracetamol
- antigesic
- relieve pain/ awareness of pain
- painkillers
- painkillers
- relieve pain/ awareness of pain
- antipyretic
- reduces temp
- aspirin
- antiflammatory
- bark of willow tree
- antiflammatory
- aspirin
- reduces temp
- broken down in liver, damage liver
- antigesic
- test on human/animal cell - safe
for human body
- small no of healthy patients, test for
toxicity + monitor side effects
- small dose, if no problems more testing
- small no of sick patients, test for efficacy
- large no of patients, test for dosage (too small: no effect, too much: could be fatal) + side effects
- where double blind trials start to happen
- some given placebo some given active drug
- patients + health care professionals don't
know who has what, revealed afterwards
- patients + health care professionals don't
know who has what, revealed afterwards
- some given placebo some given active drug
- large no of patients, test for dosage (too small: no effect, too much: could be fatal) + side effects
- small no of sick patients, test for efficacy
- small dose, if no problems more testing
- small no of healthy patients, test for
toxicity + monitor side effects
- morphine, heroin,tramadol
- opiate analgesics
- opiate analgesics
- antibiotics
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