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13852312
Sensory Ecology 2: Predation and Aggression
Descripción
How organisms use the senses when they're faced with predation and aggression from other organisms.
Sin etiquetas
predation
aggression
senses
marine biology
mbio217 - ecology of shallow water organisms
Mapa Mental por
Connor Joesbury
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
Connor Joesbury
hace casi 6 años
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Resumen del Recurso
Sensory Ecology 2: Predation and Aggression
Find Food - Predator-Prey Interactions
Visual cues can be used to detect prey
Thee cues may be obscured by the complex habitat
Prey is also under selection pressure to not be detected
Use camoflage or crypsis
Prey that is detected show rapid response times
Predators use many different senses to detect prey
Predation strategies
Ambush Predators
These predators will wait for mobile, abundant prey to come into their active capture area
E.g. spotted stargazers who hide in burrows and use their lateral line to detect wake of prey in water
Criise Predation
Predators move through the water to capture less abundant prey
Prey is normally evenly distributed throughout water column
Saltatory Predation
Predation where predator will move and wait, move and wait.
eventually prey will move into the animals active capture area
Basset et al (2007) looked into the predation strategy of scorpionfish
Porcelain crabs are small and uptake water through scathognathies
fish have to move and wait so as to detect crab breathing (interference)
Prey is not abundant so cant ambush
Scorpionfish detect water currents through lateral line
Avoid Detection
Background matching
Hermit Crabs occupying empty gastropod shells
Given choice of either light or dark shells on an either light or dark background.
Initially crabs just pick whatever shell is closest regardless of background match
After 24 hours crabs have changed choice to shell that matches background.
In dark backgrounds crabs only changed shell to match when there was a predator cue
Counter-shading
Reef sharks have two different colourations on their bodies
Light underneath so prey below cannot see when they look up.
Dark topside so that prey/predators above cannot see from above
Disruptive colouration
Animals trying to break up their colouration (stripes)
E.g. Spotted Drumfish
This breaks up the outline of the animal in complex habitats
Useful for avoiding detection
Colour change in Cephalopods
Cephalopods have been known to change colour based on their background
Carry out this process using chromatophores
Eg Cuttlefish
Decision making and Competition
Briffa et al (1998) Decision to give up in hermit crab fights.
Successful attackers rap on shell more vigorously than ones that give up
When a crab is evicted the last rapping bout will have been strongest
If a competitor doesn't give u shell rapping strength decreases
Hypoxic conditions cause attackers to rap slower and causes them to give up easier
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