Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

1. Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) Classifications

   • The brain is a massive control center intertwined with a vastly complex network of arteries and veins. The brain is filled with neurons; these neurons require a constant supply of blood to from the vascular network to function optimally. When a CVA happens, the blood flow is disrupted, some neurons and brain tissue do not get the oxygen and nutrients they need. (Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada 2018, A).
     • When the brain cells do not obtain adequate blood supply, that area of the brain cannot function as it did before. Functions such as movements, sensation, or emotions that were controlled by the affected area of the brain are lost or impaired (Lewis, 2014).
       • Canada Heart and Stroke Foundation Classification of Strokes (Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada 2018, B).
         • Ischemic stroke: Caused by a blockage or clot in a blood vessel in your brain.
         • Hemorrhagic stroke: Caused when an artery in the brain breaks open. The interrupted blood flow causes damage to your brain.
         • Transient ischemic attack (TIA): Caused by a small clot that briefly blocks an artery. It is sometimes called a mini-stroke or warning stroke. The TIA symptoms usually last less than an hour, and may only last a few minutes. TIAs are an important warning that a more serious stroke may occur soon.

2. Risk Factors