CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

1. How do protons, neutrons, electrons make up atoms and define their atomic number and atomic mass?

   • PROTONS + CHARGED NEUTRONS NO CHARGE ELECTRONS - CHARGED
     • ATOMIC MASS = PROTONS + NUMBER OF NEUTRONS
       • PROTONS
         • POSITIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES
           • LOCATED IN THE NUCLEUS
             • MASS OF 1
               • ELECTRONS WANT TO FILL SHELL NEAREST TO NUCLUS BEFORE FILLING OUTER SHELL
                 • FIRST SHELL 2
                   • SECOND SHELL 8
                     • THEIRD SHELL 18
                       • What are ions and how do their properties differ from neutral atoms?
                         • By definition, an ion is an electrically charged particle produced by either removing electrons from a neutral atom to give a positive ion or adding electrons to a neutral atom to give a negative ion.
                           • What are the four quantum numbers for electrons, and how are they defined?
                             • PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBER ; N
                               • ROW OF ELEMENT ON THE PERIODIC TABLE
                                 • HIGHER N VALUE HIGHER THE ENERGY LEVEL
                                   • ANGULAR QUANTUM NUMBER ;L
                                     • SHAPE OF ORITALS S, P, D
                                       • MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER ; ML
                                         • ORIENTATION OF ORBITAL
                                           • SPIN QUANTUM NUMBER MS
       • NEUTRONS
         • NEUTRALLY CHARGED PARTICLES
           • LOCATED IN THE NUCLEUS
             • HAS A MASS OF 1
               • ATOMIC MASS - ATOMIC NUMBER
         • ELECTRON
           • NEGATIVELY CHARGES
             • MOVES RAPIDLY IN SPACE AROUND THE NUCLEUS
               • ALMOST NO MASS