Linguistics

Linguistics

1. Meaning

   • Is a product of all linguistics levels
     • Semantics
       • Is the study of meaning communicated through language
         • Signification: creating and interpreting symbols
         • Semiotics: generaly study of the use of sign system
       • Study of the meaning of words and sentence
     • Phonology
       • Study of what sound a language has a how these sounds combine tom form words
     • Syntax
       • Study of how words can be combined into sentence
       • The formal relation of sign to each other
     • Linguistics analysis is incomplete whitout semantics
     • Speaker meaning
       • Pragmatics
         • The relations of signs to interpreters
   • Generative Grammar
     • Small number of combinatory rules = Use a finite set of words to create a very large, perhaps infinite numbers of sentence
   • Lexico
     • mental store of the words
   • Meaning of the word
     • What it can be used to refer
   • Levels of language
     • Utterance
       • Created by speaking or writting
     • Sentence
       • Abstract grammatical element obtained from utterance
     • Propositions
       • Way for capturing part of the meaning of sentence abstract
   • Description theory
     • Name is taken as a label or shorthand for knowledge about the referent
   • Casual theory
     • The names are socially inherited or borrowed
   • Natural kinds
     • Nouns referring to classes which occur in nature
   • Mental representation
     • Images, Depending our experience
     • Concept
       • abstract element

2. There are linguistics expresion which can never be used to refer: so, very, maybe, if, not, all

3. Linguistic relativity

   • The link between language and thought into the notion
   • Lexicalized concepts impose restrictions on possible ways of thinking

4. Linguistic of the thought hypothesis

   • There is evidence of thinking without language
   • The linguistic analysis has show us that language underspecifies meaning