parenteal Medication

parenteal Medication

1. Intramuscular

   • rapid absorption, distribution and action  used on unconscious patients, GIT disturbances  uncooperative  needle gauge- 21g -23g  upto 4mLs except deltoid ( 1-2 in children)  things to consider when administering - site away from large nerve, bones blood vessels infection, odema, inflamation - coagulation of the patient blood - medication apropriate best place to administer- ventrogluteal deltoid can only take 1mL of the injection "Z tracking" complications include - abscess-Necrosis- nerve injuries -lingering pain  skin slough 
   • injection sites - ventrogluteal - best place to administer   dorsalgluteal  deltoids  vastuslateralis 

2. Subcutaneous

   • given to the epidermis therefore poor blood flow, and hence the action and distribution is slow.  used for insulin, anticoagulants, some immunisations  needle gauge- 25g  1mL injected 

3. sub dermal

   • mainly used for  allergy testing and TB testing  usually no more than 0.5 mLs  complications - localised swelling and redness  - allergic reaction as a part of allergic testing 

4. intravenous

   • used to give medication  needle- 19 gauge, used only to draw up medication  20mLs can be injected  site- peripheral intravenous canula located in the cuba fossa or the back of the hand 
   • side effects - pain, inflamation, phlebitis 

5. Intraosseous

   • use - emergency accesss for medication and fluids  - needle gauge- 15-16g  amount injected - 5-10mLs  sites- proximal tibia distal tibia humerus  side effects  infection, drug or fluid extravasation, fracture, air embolism.