Modern Atomic Theory

Modern Atomic Theory

1. Quantum Numbers

   • Principal Quantum Number
     • Represented by the integer 'n' Used to label the orbits/energy levels - the main shell of electronsn = 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on
   • Secondary Quantum Number
     • Represented by a lower case 'L' Also called orbital shape quantum number Describes sub-levels/sub-shells of electronsThe secondary quantum number also dictates the shape of the electron orbitThe number of sublevel types is equal to the principal quantum number
     • Potential Values
       • 1
         • Principal Orbital
         • 'P'
       • 2
         • Diffuse Orbital
         • 'D'
       • 3
         • Fundemental Orbital
         • 'F'
       • 0
         • Sharp Orbital
         • 'S'
   • Magnetic Quantum Number
     • Represented by m(L) Communicates the orientation of the orbitals in space m(L) values vary from -L to +L If n = 3; L = 0, 1 and 2; m(L) = -2, -1, 0, +1, +2
   • Spin Quantum Number
     • Communicates the directions that electrons spin The value can be either -1/2 or +1/2