Verbs

Verbs

1. Morphosyntactic properties

   • Distributional
     • How words function in phrases, clauses and texts
   • Structural
     • The internal structure of the verb itself

2. Semantic roles

   • Agent
     • Instigator of the physical action
       • "Percival ate beans"
   • Force
     • A force unconsciously instigating the action
       • "The wind opened the door"
   • Instrument
     • An entity that instigates the action indirectly
       • "Prescott broke the window with a hammer"
   • Experiencer
     • An entity that observes but it´s not affected by or instigator of the action
       • "Lucretia saw the bicycle"
   • Recipient
     • The animate destination of a moving object
       • "I sent the book to Mary"
   • Patient
     • Suffers a physical change of state
       • "Montezuma stabs Joaquin"

3. Verb classes

   • Weather verbs
     • to rain, be cold, get cloudy
   • States
     • broken, melted, dead
   • Involuntary processes
     • brak, melt, die
   • Bodily functions
     • cough, blead, vomit, urinate, cry
   • Motion
     • swim, run, fly, jump, fall
   • Position
     • stand, kneel, lie
   • Actions
     • Dynamic
       • dance, sing, speak
     • Non-dynamic
       • rest, look at
   • Action-processes
     • kill, break, change
   • Factives
     • build, ignite, form, make
   • Cognition
     • know, think, understand, learn, remember, forget
   • Sensation
     • see, hear, feel, taste, smell
   • Emotion
     • fear, love, be happy, grieve
   • Utterance
     • speak, ask, shout, imply, sing, chat
   • Manipulation
     • force, cause, allow, prevent, forbid

4. Verb structure

   • Verb agreement
   • Semantic role markers
   • Valence increasing devices
   • Tense/Aspect/Mode
   • Evidentials
   • Location and direction
   • Speech act markers
   • Verb(phrase) negation
   • Subordination/Nominalization
   • Switch-reference