waves

waves

1. components

   • peak/through: the peak is "the top of the hill" while the thought is the "botom of the hill
     • wavelength: is the length of wave from left to right or from one peak to another.
       • amplitude: determines how tall the wave is. The measurement starts from the centre line to the peak
         • frequency: the number of waves that pass by each second
           • equilibrium line: the line placed in the middle of the wave
   • wave behaviour
     • diffraction: bending of a wave around an obstacle or through an obstacle
       • reflection: bouncing back of waves from a barrier they cannot pass through
         • refraction: bending of wave as they enter a new medium at an angle and change speed
           • standing wave: wave appearing to stand still that forms when a wave and its reflected wave interference
             • wave interference: interaction of waves with other waves

2. wave interferance

   • constructive: happens when two intefering wave meet and the amplitudes add together
     • destructive interference: happens when crest and through of 2 interfering waves meet and one amplitude subtracts from the other.
       • energy wave formula: E= hf E equals the energy, h the Planck constant and f the frequency
         • wave speed formula: speed = wavelength x frequency. To solve this, wavelength and frequency should be known
   • types of waves
     • electromagnetic spectrum: range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. From radio waves to gamma waves
     • range of electromagnetic waves: gamma-rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light rays, infrared waves, microwaves, and radiowaves
     • radio waves: a type of electromagnetic radiation were wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light.
       • microwaves: wavelengths range of one meter to one millimetre. Frequencies betweem 300 MHz and 300 6Hz
         • infrared waves: electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. Can be visible with human eye
           • visible light waves: wavelengths that are visible to most human eye
             • ultraviolet waves: wavelength from 10nm to 40nm, its shorter than visible light waves and longer than x-rays
               • x-rays waves: form of high energy. wavelength range of 10 picometers to 10 nanometers
                 • gamma-ray waves: arise from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei

3. types of waves

   • mechanical vs. electromagnetic: mechanical waves transfers energy through a medium. The movement transmission of a medium is limited. Al electromagnetic wave is created by the result of vibrations between electric field and magnetic field
     • pulse vs. periodic: a pulse is a non-periodic wave form that usually has one more peak. A periodic wave is a wave that repeats a continuous patterns which determines the wavelength and frequency.
       • transversal vs. longitudinal: longitudinal waves is where the particles vibrates parallel to the direction in which the wave is travelling. Transversal wave is when particles vibrate at 90 degrees to the direction that energy is moving.