The Skeletal System

The Skeletal System

1. peak performance

   • rely on a system of SOFT TISSUES
     • Supported by a tough and flexible SKELETON
       • stores minerals
       • bone marrow
         • makes red blood cells, plateles, and som white blood cells
       • protects internal organs
       • forms a system of levers ,which enables movement
   • MUSCLES provide movement at joints and maintian posture

2. the skeleton is made of TISSUE

   • for example: bone and cartilage
   • blood brings NUTRIENTS and OXYGEN to the cells
   • continually broken down and rebuilt
     • thus babies bones are able to grow
     • weight bearing exercises, e.g. running,
       • stimulate bone growth
       • increase density

3. Joints

   • e.g. ball and socket or hinge joint
   • LIGAMENTS hold bones to bones
     • tough elastic tissue
   • TENDONS attach muscles to bones
     • tough INelastic tissue
   • cartilage
     • a smooth protective surface at bone ends
     • Provides easy movement
   • lubricated by oily SYNOVIAL FLUID, to prevent the cartilage grinding down
     • lubricates and nourishes the tissues of the joint
     • secreted by the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

4. joint injuries

   • there is a limit to the amount of strain a joint can take
   • sprains
     • a ligament is overstreched by twisting
     • symptoms
       • redness and swelling
       • surface bruising
       • difficulty walking
       • dull, throbbing ache
       • sharp, cramping pain
     • treatment
       • RICE treatment
       • heat and gently massage
       • possibly physiotherapy
   • torn ligaments
     • symptoms
       • a popping sound
       • bruising
       • difficulty bending the joint
       • a dent where the joint is torn
   • tendons and ligaments may tear if overstreched or twisted
     • treatment
       • RICE treatment
       • physiotherapy
       • no vigarous exercise for 3 MONTHS
       • possibly
         • surgery
         • immobilised by a brace
   • torn tendons
     • symptoms
       • stretch
       • inflamation
   • dislocation
     • if too much FORCE is applied to a joint it can become DISLOCATED
     • the bone slips out of the joint
     • treatment
       • possibly surgery
       • physiotherapy
   • RICE TREATMENT
     • R-est (immobilising the injured body part)
       • I-ce (anaesthetic)
         • C-ompression (wrapping the injury in a bandage)
           • E-levation (elevate the injury)