Vitamins

Vitamins

1. Water-solubles

   • -Not stored
     • -They are quickly absorbed and eliminated
       • - It iseliminated through urine and sweat
         • -Act as Coenzymes
           • -Thermosensitive
             • - Photosencible
   • Vitamin C
     • Photosensitive
     • Thermosensitive
     • Foods
       • Fruits and vegetables, especially citrus
     • Deficit
       • Scurvy
     • Ascorbic acid
     • Intervenes
       • Synthesis
         • Collagen
         • Adrenalin
         • Steroids
         • L-carnitine
         • Nurotransmitters
       • Iron absorption
       • Bone mineral metabolism
     • Immune Function
   • Vitamin B
     • Vit. B1 (Thiamine)
       • Coenzyme
         • Thiamine Pyrophosphate
       • Mediated reaction
         • Decarboxylation
         • Aldehyde group transfer
       • Deficiency
         • Beri-Beri
       • Foods
         • Liver, pork, cereals
     • Vit. B2 (Riboflavin)
       • Coenzyme
         • FAD & FMN
       • Mediated reaction
         • Redox reaction
       • Deficiency
         • Angular stomatitis
         • Glossitis
         • Desquamative dermatitis
       • Foods
         • Dairy products
     • Vit. B3 (Nitric acid)
       • Coenzyme
         • NAD+ & NADP+
       • Mediated reaction
         • Redox reaction
       • Deficiency
         • Pellagra
       • Foods
         • Eggs, nuts, Fish
     • Vit. B5 (Pantothenic acid)
       • Coenzyme
         • Coenzyme A
       • Mediated reaction
         • Acyl group transfer
       • Foods
         • Meats, eggs, dairy, whole grains, vegetables, and fruits
     • Vit. B6 (Pyridoxine)
       • Coenzyme
         • Pyridoxal phosphate
       • Mediated reaction
         • Amino group transfer
       • Deficiency
         • Neurological symptoms and anemia
       • Foods
         • Meats, fish, eggs and cereals
     • Vit. B8 (Biotin)
       • Coenzyme
         • Biocytin
       • Mediated reaction
         • Carboxiyation
       • Deficiency
         • Depression, hallucinations, muscle pain, and dermatitis
         • Children may be immunodeficient
       • Foods
         • Bacteria, meats, eggs, dairy, vegetables and fruits
     • Vit. B9 (Folic acid)
       • Coenzyme
         • Tetrahydrofolic acid
       • Mediated reaction
         • One carbon group transfer
       • Deficiency
         • Megaloblastic anemia
       • Foods
         • spinach, salads, chard
     • Vit. B12 (Cobalamin)
       • Coenzyme
         • Deoxyadenosylbalamin
       • Mediated reaction
         • Intermolecular rearragements
       • Deficiency
         • Pernicious anemia
       • Foods
         • only found in foods of animal origin

2. Fat-solubles

   • -Very specific actions
     • -Can be stored
       • -Slow absorption and elimination
         • -They need the presence of fatty acids to be absorbed
           • -Thermosets
             • -Photostability
               • -Tolerance to PH
   • Vitamin A (Retinoic acid)
     • Function
       • -Vision -Epithelial differentiation
     • Stores
       • Liver
     • Sources
       • Meat, carotenes
     • Deficit
       • Xerophthalmia, night blindness
     • Excess
       • Nonspecific, nausea, jaundice, anorexia, irritability
   • Vitamin D (Calciferol)
     • Function
       • Hormone
     • Stores
       • Kidney
     • Excess
       • Hypercalcemia, calcifications, HBP
     • Sources
       • Sun exposure, dairy
     • Deficit
       • Rickets, osteoporosis, osteomalacia
   • Vitamin E (Tococalciferol)
     • Function
       • Antioxidant
     • Store
       • Chylomicrons, lipoproteins
     • Excess
       • Risk of bleeding
     • Source
       • Oils
     • Deficit
       • Neurological symptoms, ataxia
   • Vitamin K (Phylloquinone)
     • Function
       • Coagulation and participates in antioxidation
     • Deficit
       • Hemorrhagic disease
     • Source
       • Bacteria and green vegetables

3. Supplements

   • Necessary but do not exceed
   • They do not cure or prevent:
     • Cancer
       • Cardiovascular diseases
   • A good diet does not require supplements

4. Generalities

   • Diet essentials
   • Participate in metabolism:
     • Growth
       • Proliferation
         • Cell differentiation
           • Immune phenomena
   • Low concentrations

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