CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

1. HEART

   • Layers
     • Pericardium
       • Parietal pericardium
         • Dense Regular CT
           • hold
         • Areolar CT
           • cushion
       • Visceral pericardium
       • Paricardium sac
     • Endocardium
       • Dense regular CT
       • Areolar CT
     • Myocardium
       • Cardiac muscle
       • Blood CT
       • Nervous CT
   • Systole, Diastole (TABLE)
   • For the heart
     • Coronary arteries (ARTERY)
     • Cardiac vein (VEIN)
   • Pacemarkers
     • Function: Set action potential rhythm
     • Sinoatrial node (SA node)
     • Atrioventricular node (AV node)
     • Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, Left bundle branch

2. VESSELS

   • Arteries
     • Arterioles
       • Blood CT
       • Smooth muscle tissue
       • Simple squamous ET
     • Types
       • Elastic Artery
         • Bear pressure
       • Muscular Artery
         • Easier to contract
         • Smooth muscle
   • Veins
     • Venules
       • Blood CT
       • Dense irregular CT
       • Simple squamous ET
     • Has valves
       • Bring blood back to heart
     • Low blood pressure
   • Capillaries
     • Function: gas exchange
     • Capillary bed
       • Blood CT
       • Simple squamous ET
       • Smooth muscle tissue
     • Types
       • Continous
         • One layer of simple squamous ET
           • Bring O2, nutrients out of RBCs
           • Bring CO2, waste into the blood
       • Fenestrated
         • Has pores (porous)
           • Plasma
             • Interstitual fluid
   • Layers
     • Artery
       • 1. Tunica Externa (Tunica Adventitia)
         • Collagen, vasa vasorum
       • 2. Tunica media
         • Elastic fibers
         • Smooth muscle
         • External elastic lamina
       • 3.Tunica intima (or tunica interna)
         • Endothelium, basal lamina, subendothelial CT, internal elastic lamina
     • Veins
       • No elastic lamina
       • Thinner tunica media
       • Thicker tunica externa

3. BLOOD

   • Platelets
     • clog blood
   • Erythrocytes
     • Hemoglobin
       • Iron (Fe)
         • Attach to O2, carry O2
     • disc biconcaved
       • Increase surface area
     • Antigen
       • mark the cell, identification purpose
       • Recognized by antibodies
         • Antibodies: attack foreign bodies (viruses, bacteria, pathogens, etc)
   • Leukocytes (1%)
     • Granulocytes
       • Neutrophil
       • Eosionophil
       • Basophil
     • Agranulocytes
       • Monocyte
       • Lymphocytes
         • B-cells
         • T-cells
         • NK cells
   • Plasma (55%)
     • ions, organic materials, water, gases, minerals, wastes

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