ICT

ICT

1. The Internet

   • The Process
     • Router
       • The Router reads your request for a website and routs your packet to the correct IP addres. If it disn't do this, your packet would have to be sent down every cable of the internet to esure it gets to the right place. The router kows where to send your packet because of the data header on your packet.
       • Proxy Server
         • This server recieves your request and either allows it through or block it. This server has a list of websites that in knows to block, making them usefull for schools or businesses.
         • Domain
           • Domain Servers have a long list of website names and IP addresses. You request is then sent to the correct web server.
           • Web Server
             • Web Servers store websites and then serve them to whoever requested them.
   • Internet Protocals
     • TCP-Transmission control protocol. This is the protocol in charge of breaking down websites and other items. TCP breaks both your request into packets on your computer, as well as the website you requested n the server
     • IP-Internet Protocol. This works out the best routes to send packets down. Each computer on the internet has a unique IP address. This helps to identify it on the internet.
     • FTP-File transfer protocol. This is used to transfer files from one host to another. Files like pictures and videos are uploaded using FTP.
     • HTTP-Hyper text transfer protocol. When you type a URL into a web browser, it sends a HTTP command to the web server telling it to get the website and transmit it to the client.

2. Online Advertising

   • Search Engine Results Page
     • Companies can register with search companies to appear high up on a list of advertisers.
     • Advantage:Is the most effective form of advertsing
     • Disadvantage:Is incredibly expensive
   • Banner and Pop-up Advertisements
     • These are advertisements that appear at the top of webpages or pop up on webpages. These are often animated to capture attention.
     • Advantage: You can have an affiliate relationship, where the affiliate gets a fraction of the money made from the advertiser for showing their advert.
     • Disadvantage: Can be annoying for users and take up space on your website.
   • Email Marketing
     • Companies will send bulk emails to customers (Both current customers, and potential ones.

3. WWW

   • HTML-Hyper text markup language. HTML is the language that all webpages are written in. It relies on tags that normally work in pairs. These tags define how the website looks.
   • Browser. You use a browser to view websites. Websites, however, may need to be changed to be compatible with certain browsers.
   • Hyperlink. Hyperlinks are used to direct/redirect you different websites or different parts of a website.
   • URL-Uniform Resource Locator. When you type in an internet URL, your request is sent to a domain name server which has a list of URLs and their matching IP address. Your request is then sent to the corresponding IP address.
   • Search Engines. Search engines allow you to find a website you want without a URL or IP address. When you type in your search criteria, the search engine is checking it's index of the world wide web for similar key words. It then returns a list of websites to you.

4. Cloud Computing

   • Advantages
     • You only pay for the storage you use. This means you don't have to pay for an upgrade on your computer storage.
     • Your work is available to you anywhere in the world, 24/7, provided you have internet connection.
   • Disadvantages
     • You need internet access to get your work.
     • File are stored on the host's server meaning you don't control the security of your data.
     • Your host might nt use the most up-to date software available, and maybe not the most secure.
     • As the host is elsewhere, retrieving the data may take longer than if it was on your client.
   • Software as a service (SAAS)
     • This is when the software you use isn't run on your computer, but on another company's server.
     • When you want to access your work, the software loads u in a browser. You can even have other people log on and help you in real-time.
   • Infrastructure as a service (IAAS)
     • This is a form of online storage where any file can be stored, e.g, Netflix stores films and exam time stores your revision.

5. Social Media

   • Online Communities
     • People with common interests can create groups online to share their common expertise and experiences.
     • Advantage:People can get information on a topic of there choice from someone who has already experienced a similar problem.
     • Disadvantage:Some information may be objective, holiday makers on travel sites for example, may exaggerate the positives of a hotel, and not give you the full picture.
   • BLOGS And VLOGS
   • Micro-Blogging
   • Wikis
   • Chatrooms
   • Podcasts
   • Virtual Learning Environments
   • Social Networks

6. Online documents

   • Compressing Files
     • Files placed in a zip folder are compressed, reducing the file size meaning they take up less storage space
   • Controls Over Online Documents
   • Advantages
   • Online documents are documents that are held on a server and can be accessed from anywhere

7. Ubiquitous Computing

   • Ubiquitous means everywhere, and allows for things to be done for us
   • RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) can be picked up by detectors and tell them what to do, e.g open a door

8. Copyright

   • This is a set of laws that protects peoples work and how they can and cant be used
   • Copyright protects literacy, drama, music/artistic work

9. Data Exchange

   • Transmission Modes
     • Simplex
       • Transmits data in one direction only
     • Half Duplex
       • Devices can communicate to one another, but only one at a time
     • Full Duplex
       • Devices can communicate to one another at the same time
   • Codecs and VOIP
     • VOIP-Voice Over Internet Protocal
     • When talking to someone through a computer, your machine codes your message into 0s and 1s, Binary. The second machine then decodes the 0s and 1s back into analog so we can hear it.
   • Parallel and Serial Transimission
     • Serial data transmission transmits data 1 bit at a time
     • Parallel data transmission transmits data 8 bits at a time

10. Email

    • Using Email
      • The sender and recipient(s) of an email message do not have to be online at the same time
    • Protocals

11. Threats To Data

    • Opportunist Threat
      • Should someone come across an unnatended computer, they could easily take it
      • Once logged on they could access any accounts your signed into, doing serious damage
    • Computer Viruses
      • Small programmes that can make copies of themselves and cause networks to fail
    • Other Malware
      • Pieces of software that run in the background without you knowing
    • Phishing
      • Phishing come in the form of an email trying to gain information about your bank account
      • Should you fall for their trick and send them your details, they can drain your account of all your money
    • Accidental Damage
      • Accidentally doing physical damage to your device can damage the hard disk, losing your data
      • You can pay some companies to try and recover your data, but nothing is guaranteed
    • Disaster Recovery-You can pay a disaster recovery company to house a network that is the same or similar to the one that they use on a day to day basis.

12. Keeping Data Safe

    • Importance
      • Keep designs and information secret
      • Secure clients information
      • Reduce risk of identity theft
    • Physical Barriers
    • Password Protection
      • Strong passwords can protect your accounts so only you can access them
    • Access Levels
      • Certain Access Levels host certain folders so you know what different people have access to
    • Anti-Virus Software
      • Software that protects your computer from viruses
    • Firewall
      • Software that monitors all data entering your network and blocks potential threats
    • Encryption
      • Uses algorithms to encode data being sent acrss the Internet
      • Can only be read by someone who has the same key
    • Back up and Recovery

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