4.1 - Non Specific Defences

Descripción

Higher Human Biology Mapa Mental sobre 4.1 - Non Specific Defences, creado por Calum Mooney el 14/01/2016.
Calum Mooney
Mapa Mental por Calum Mooney, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Calum Mooney
Creado por Calum Mooney hace más de 8 años
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Resumen del Recurso

4.1 - Non Specific Defences
  1. Physical and Chemical Defences
    1. Epithelial Cells
      1. Form a physical barrier to prevent entry of pathogens
        1. Skin
        2. Produce secretions against infection
          1. Mucus in trachea
            1. Lysozyme in tears
              1. Acid in the stomach
            2. The immune system protects the body against pathogens, some toxins and cancer cells
            3. Inflammatory Response
              1. Caused by release of histamine by mast cells
                1. Causes vasodilation of arterioles
                  1. Increases blood flow
                  2. Increased capillary permeability
                  3. Increased blood flow and secretion of cytokines
                    1. An accumulation of phagocytes
                      1. Delivery of antimicrobial proteins
                        1. Kill bacteria
                        2. Delivery of clotting elements
                          1. Form a clot to prevent microbes entering the bloodstream
                      2. Phagocytes and Natural Killer Cells
                        1. Phagocytes
                          1. Phagocytes and NK cells secrete cytokines
                            1. Stimulate the specific immune response
                            2. Phagocytes recognise surface antigen molecules on pathogens
                              1. Destroy the pathogen by phagocytosis
                            3. Natural Killer Cells
                              1. NK cells cause virally infected cells to destroy themselves by apoptosis
                                1. Cause the production of self-destructive/digestive enzymes within the virally infected cell
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