Arteries

Arteries

1. Major branches..

   • Right brachiocephalic artery
     • Branches into right common carotid and right subclavian and after all right sided arteries are a mirror of the left
   • Left Common carotid artery
     • Most reliable arterial pulse in the body
     • After branching off aorta travels within a sheath up the neck, lateral to the larynx and trachea, until the carotid sinus
       • Carotid sinus is at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage at the level of the larynx. This is where the common carotid branches into..
         • Internal carotid artery
           • Travels..
             • Continues in the vagus sheath and goes directly to the cranium. Travels upward and slightly lateral, and enters the cranium through the skull base
           • Supplies..
             • Source of ophthalmic artery
               • Supplies the eye, orbit, and lacrimal gland
             • Intracranial structures
         • External carotid artery
           • Travels upward and medially, and branches are broken into four groups.
             • Anterior branches of external carotid
               • Superior thyroid artery
                 • Supplies
                   • Tissues inferior to the hyoid bone
                 • Branches
                   • Infrahyoid artery
                     • Tissues inferior to hyoid
                   • SCM artery
                     • SCM muscle
                   • Superior laryngeal artery
                     • Muscles of the larynx
                   • Cricothyroid artery
                     • Thyroid gland
               • Lingual artery
                 • Supplies tongue and tissues superior to the hyoid
                 • Originates above thyroid and passes under the mandible, travels anteriorly to the apex of the tongue
                   • 4 Branches
                     • Sublingual artery
                       • Sublingual salivary gland, floor of the mouth, mylohyoid
                     • Suprahyoid artery
                       • Suprahyoid muscle
                     • Dorsal lingual
                       • Tongue
                     • Deep lingual
                       • Tongue
               • Facial artery
                 • Final anterior branch
                 • Travels medial to the border of the mandible, over submandibular salivary gland to the inferior border of the mandible. Then anterosuperiorly along angle of mouth and nose. Terminates at the medial canthus of the eye.
                   • 5 Branches
                     • Ascending palatine artery
                       • Palatine tonsils, soft palate, palatine muscles
                     • Glandular and submental arteries
                       • Mandibular lymph node, mylohyoid and digastric muscles
                     • Inferior labial artery
                       • Lower lip, depressor anguli oris muscle
                     • Superior labial artery
                       • Upper lip
                     • Angular artery
                       • Termination of the facial artery at the medial canthus of the eye
                       • Side of nose to corner of eye
             • Medial branch of external carotid
               • Ascending pharyngeal artery
                 • Smaller branch of external carotid with 4 subbranches
                 • Supplies soft palate, meninges of brain, and pharyngeal walls
             • Posterior branches of external carotid
               • 2 branches
                 • Occipital artery
                   • Travels superior behind the ramus of the mandible to the posterior portion of the scalp
                   • Supplies suprahyoid, SCM, scalp, and meningeal branches
                 • Posterior auricular artery
                   • Begins superior to the occipital artery about the level of the tip of the stylohyoid process.
                   • Supplies the internal ear and mastoid air cells
             • Terminal branches of external carotid
               • 2 branches
                 • Superficial temporal artery
                   • Arises within the parotid salivary gland
                   • 4 branches
                     • Transverse facial
                       • Parotid salivary gland
                     • Middle temporal
                       • Temporalis muscle
                     • Frontal artery
                       • Frontal region of scalp
                     • Parietal artery
                       • Parietal region of scalp
                 • Maxillary artery
                   • Larger terminal branch
                   • 7 Branches
                     • Middle meningeal
                       • Meninges of the brain and the skull bones
                     • Inferior alveolar
                       • 3 branches
                         • Mental
                           • Chin
                         • Mylohyoid
                           • Mylohyoid muscle and floor of the mouth
                         • Incisive
                           • Lower anterior teeth, and surrounding periodontium and gingiva
   • Left subclavian artery
     • Located..
       • Lateral to common carotid
     • Supplies..
       • Mainly the upper extremities- arms- intracranial and extracranial structures