Mapa mental
Health and the people part 1: Medieval period
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Health and the people part 1: Medieval period
Beliefs about causes of disease
- God
- You live sinfully? Here, have this disease.
- Would always create a plant to treat his diseases (the doctrine of signatures)
- People experiment more
- They actually find plants to help cure some diseases
- People experiment more
- Bad smells (miasma)
- They found diseases more common in cities
- Cities = stinky
- Therefore stinky = disease
- Cities = stinky
- They found diseases more common in cities
- Supernatural
- Witches
- Demons
- Four humours
- Ancient Greek belief
- Galen believed
- Galen christian, so church believed
- Galen believed
- An imbalance of these causes disease
- Yellow bile
- Black bile
- Phlegm
- Blood
- Need to rebalance to cure
- Ancient Greek belief
- Similar to ancient beliefs
- Progress had stalled
- God
Diagnosis of disease
- Urine charts
- Doctors would look at, smell and taste patients' urine
- They match its properties to a chart, telling them what disease it is
- Occasionally useful
- Unreliable
- At least they were trying to observe symptoms
- Doctors would look at, smell and taste patients' urine
- Zodiac man
- Each star sign corresponds to a part of the body
- Uses four humours to diagnose
- Urine charts
Surgery
- Key figures
- John Arderne (1307 - 1392)
- First notable English surgeon
- Best surgeon at the time
- Could treat major wounds
- Didn't rely on Galen and Hippocrates
- Wrote some books
- 'The Practice of Surgery'
- Best surgeon at the time
- Experienced from treating soldiers
- Hundred years war
- Good at 'fistula in ano'
- 50% success rate
- Discovered an anaesthetic
- Made of henbane, opium and hemlock
- First real anaesthetic
- Made of henbane, opium and hemlock
- Decent guy
- Recommended good bedside manner
- Charged rich a lot, served poor for free
- Ahead of his time
- First notable English surgeon
- Abulcasis
- Muslim dude
- More compassionate towards ill
- Ideas found due to crusades
- Thanks to religion
- Invented surgical instruments
- Wrote books
- Made cauterisation popular
- More survive wounds
- Muslim dude
- Hugh of Lucca
- Said pus didn't help wounds
- Didn't fit with Galen
- Church didn't agree
- People reluctant to disregard Galen
- De Chauliac didn't agree
- Wrote in book
- Hugh's ideas didn't catch on
- Wrote in book
- Didn't fit with Galen
- Said pus didn't help wounds
- John Arderne (1307 - 1392)
- Performed by:
- Barber surgeons
- Trained by apprenticeship
- Charged a lot
- Barber surgeons
- VERY dangerous
- No anaesthetics
- Die of shock
- No ability to stop/prevent infection
- Even if it was successful you may die
- Blood loss a huge challenge
- Have to do it very fast
- Large chance of mistakes
- Can't find better methods
- Some cauterised
- Have to do it very fast
- No anaesthetics
- Key figures
Treatment of Disease
- 'Hospitals'
- Set up by church
- Wanted to heal people like Jesus did
- Clean(ish)
- Actually somewhat helpful
- Dealt with small complaints
- Didn't let badly sick people in
- Prayed and cared for patients
- Couldn't actually help a lot
- Set up by church
- Lazar houses
- Lepers went there to stop infecting others
- Apothecaries
- Herbs and spices
- Some worked
- 7 year apprenticeship
- Herbs and spices
- Wise Women
- Just someone who knew of plants that could help
- Wisdom from family
- Four Humours
- Rebalance humours
- Purge bowels
- Useful sometimes
- Blood letting
- Dangerous
- Purge bowels
- Rebalance humours
- Pilgrimages
- God will help you get better
- 'Hospitals'
Public Health
- Cities
- Attitude to cleanliness
- Don't really care
- Couldn't afford to keep clean
- Very little government help
- Some tried a little
- Very little government help
- Some belief in miasma
- Therefore some wanted to clean up
- Water supply
- Wells often near to cesspits
- Contamination
- Rivers
- Also used for sewage
- Unpurified water
- Some took directly from springs
- Less likely to be infected
- Wells often near to cesspits
- Sewage
- Thrown onto streets
- Cesspits
- Often overflowing
- Some had own outhouses
- Money left in wills to build public toilets
- Some better than others
- Coventry
- Fines for not cleaning street
- Taxes pay for waste collection
- Waste sold to farmers
- Waste disposal sites out of town
- No sewage dumped into rivers
- Council very good
- Coventry
- Attitude to cleanliness
- Monastries
- Attitude to cleanliness
- Good - Holy, celibate and pure
- Had to be clean
- Worship God
- Wealthy - could afford to keep clean
- Away from filthy towns
- Sewage
- Privies empty into cesspits
- Can be washed out by river
- Manure transported out
- Privies empty into cesspits
- Water supply
- Rivers
- Filtered water
- Pipes divert water
- Some goes to brew houses
- Rivers
- Attitude to cleanliness
- The Black Death (1348)
- Specifics:
- Came from East via trade links
- Two types:
- Bubonic
- Spread by fleas
- Big black buboes formed
- Then fever and vomiting
- Then death
- Then fever and vomiting
- Pneumonic
- Spread through droplets in the air from an infected person
- Rarer but deadlier
- Bubonic
- Killed 1/3 to 1/2 of the population
- Beliefs about it
- Causes
- Miasma
- Four humours
- God
- Planets alligning weirdly
- Chinese earthqukes
- Jews
- 'Treatments'
- Before contracting
- Pray and march through streets
- More exposed to it
- Burn big candles
- Don't eat much
- Don't bathe (pores let disease in)
- No sex (weakens you with excitement)
- Avoid victims
- Worked
- Clean up
- Carry flowers (miasma)
- Have wine
- These were mostly rubbish
- Go to church
- Pray and march through streets
- After contracting
- Pop buboes
- Attach live pidgeon to buboes
- Drink vinegar and mercury
- Toxic
- Flagellate (whip self)
- Pray
- These were all rubbish
- Before contracting
- Causes
- Outcomes
- Fewer workers
- Bad economy
- Starve
- Inflation
- Peasants go to new lords
- New laws to stop this
- Peasants' revolt (1381)
- New laws to stop this
- Fewer workers
- Specifics:
- Cities
Información
- Descripción
- Designed to help revise for history gcse with AQA, on the topic Health and the People. This covers the period from around the 11th to the 14th century, up until the renaissance. Colour coded to help with 16 - markers. Enjoy!
- Creado por
- Frank Shrimpton
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