Physiology

Physiology

1. The study of how living organisms work

   • Microbial physiology
   • Human physiology
   • Plant physiology
   • Animal physiology

2. Organization of the body

   • Tissue
     • muscle tissue
     • nerve tissue
     • epithelial tissue
     • connective tissue
   • organ (to many)
   • organ system
     • Digestive system
     • nervous system
     • exercise system
     • endocrine system
     • urinary system
     • reproductive system
     • circulatory system
     • respiratory system
     • immune system
   • Cell
     • muscle cells
     • nerve cells
     • epithelial cells
     • conneative tissue cells

3. Homeostasis

   • Positive feedback
     • Enhance stimulus
       • Divergence from equilibrium
     • EXAMPLES
       • Childbirth
         • Oxytocin released, stimulates contractions
           • Contractions stimulate release of more oxytocin
             • Continues until birth
       • Blood clothing
         • Platelets at clot release chenical to attract more platelets
           • Clot formed
   • Negative feedback
     • Change in variable
       • Detected by recepotor
         • Transmitted by sensory neurones
         • Processed in integration centre
           • Effeator response
             • Usually activated by autonomic nervous system
             • Return to...
     • Inhibits stimulus
       • Return to ideal
         • SET POINT
       • Maintenance of equilibrium
     • EXAMPLES
       • Hyperglycaemia
         • Release of insulin
       • High blood pressure
         • Reduced cardiac output
         • Vasodilation
   • Keeping vital parameters within narrow limits
     • Heart rate
     • Core body temperature
     • Blood pressure
     • Blood glucose
     • Urine concentration
     • Osmolarity of plasma
   • Rapid and efficient communication around body
     • Endocrine system
       • Hormons
       • Chemical communication
     • Nervous system
       • Aytonomic
       • Electrical communication