ICT2104 Chapter 1 - Introduction

ICT2104 Chapter 1 - Introduction

1. Digital

   • Finite Sets of values
   • limit the number of representable signals, but they are easily remembered and reproduced
   • Time-and Value discrete
   • Binary data words
   • Simple procedural data processing, programming, scalable
   • Easy to store data and scalable
   • High rate of data transfer at large data bus
   • Simple Checksum to adjust disturbances
   • Low design complexity due to increasing automation

2. Computers

   • A programmable machine designed to automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations.

3. Microcontroller

   • Contains the processing unit, memory and required peripheral support.

4. Analogue

   • Physical Signals
   • Signal varies continuously across infinite values
   • Allows infinite number of unique signals but hard to reproduce
   • Time-and Value continuous
   • Complex data processing, may be limited for some functions
   • Difficult to store data
   • Maximal Bit-rate per signal line and power
   • High sensitivity towards disturbance and noise
   • High design complexity, mostly manual

5. Signals

   • Representation
     • Analog Signal
       • Time and value continuous
     • Discrete Time Signal
       • Time discrete and value continuous
     • Digital Signal
       • Time and value discrete
   • Sampling
     • A process to convert a signal into a numeric sequence
     • fs > 2 × fmax
   • Digitization
     • Representation by a discrete set of points.
     • Done using ADC

6. Information Representation

   • Waveforms
     • Rising Edge: 0 to 1
     • Falling Edge: 1 to 0
   • Bit: Either 1 or 0
   • Byte: 8 bits
   • Word: 16 bits
   • Kilo = 1K = 2^10
   • Mega = 1M = 2^20
   • Giga = 1G = 2^30

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