Research Methods

Research Methods

1. Types of Experiment

   • Laboratory
   • Field
   • Natural
   • Quasi

2. Sampling

   • Opportunity
   • Volunteer
   • Random
   • Stratified
   • Systematic

3. Ethical Issue

   • Informed Consent
   • Deception
   • Withdrawal
   • Protection from harm
   • Privacy/Confidentiality

4. Observational techniques

   • Covert/Overt
   • Laboratory/Naturalistic
   • Participant/Non-participant

5. Observational Design

   • Behavioural Categories
   • Time Sampling
   • Event Sampling
   • Structured/Unstructured
   • Inter-observer reliability

6. Self Report Techniques

   • Questionnaires
     • Open Questions
     • Closed Questions
   • Interviews
     • Structured
     • Unstructured
     • Semi-structured

7. Types of date

   • Quantitative/ Qualitative
   • Primary/Secondary
   • Meta-analysis

8. Measures of Central Tendency

   • Mean
   • Median
   • Mode

9. Measures of Dispersion

   • Range
   • Standard Deviaton

10. Experimental Method

    • Aims
    • Hypotheses
      • Directional
      • Non Directional
    • Variables
      • Independent Variable
      • Dependent Variable

11. Control of Variables

    • Extraneous Variables
    • Confounding Variables
    • Demand Characteristics
    • Investigator Effects
    • Randomisation
    • Standardisation

12. Experimental Design

    • Independent Groups Design
    • Repeated Measures
    • Matched Pairs Design
    • Random Allocation

13. Pilot Studies

14. Control Group and Conditions

    • Single Blind Procedure
    • Double Blind Procedure

15. Correlations

    • Positive Correlation
    • Negative Correlation
    • Co-Variables

16. Graphs

    • Bar Charts
    • Scatter Graphs

17. Statistical Testing

    • Sign Test