ADP and ATP

ADP and ATP

1. Structure

   • ADP
     • Two Phosphate groups
     • Ribose sugar
     • Adenine base
   • ATP
     • Adenine base
     • Ribose sugar
     • Three phosphate groups

2. Uses

   • Active Transport across membranes
     • Provides energy for carrier proteins to change shape and transport substances against gradient
   • Muscles
     • Provides energy for muscles to contract

3. Phosphorylation

   • 1) ATP is synthesised from ADP and inorganic phosphate, using energy from energy releasing reactions
   • 2) The ADP is phosphorylated to form ATP and a phosphate bond
   • 3) The energy is stored in this bond. When this energy is needed, the ATP breaks down to ADP and an inorganic phosphate

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