Henry VIII International Politics (Foreign Policy 1509 onwards)

Henry VIII International Politics (Foreign Policy 1509 onwards)

1. League of Cambrai 1508

   • Featured all major powers of Europe against Venetians
   • England excluded
   • Lasted until 1510
   • United Pope, France and HRE together

2. Holy League 1511

   • Was created to unite all of Europe including England against France
   • Moved Venice onto the side of masses - were not the enemy
   • Made England centre of European Politics

3. 1512 Campaigns in France

   • Henry allies with Spain to invade France
     • Spain invade from South, take Navarre - all they were after?
   • England had to leave after desertion, mutiny and dysentry

4. 1513 - Battle of Spurs

   • Henry allies with Maximillian (HRE)
   • First military involvement by Wolsey - efficient, effective and up to date
   • humiliating defeat for French
   • Makes Henry head of the Holy League Crusades - glory, chivalry - goals
     • Henry didn't conquer France and make a great empire - mocked internationally? France were paying £10,000 p.a. not to invade France and Henry spent £1.5m in a year.

5. 1513 - Battle of Flodden Field

   • James fought with around 35k soldiers (after desertion) and Henry's forces 26k.
     • Henry away fighting in France so the army was under the control of Catherine of Aragon and the Duke of Surrey
       • Showed the trust that Henry held in Catherine and allies to leave them in defence of the country.
       • Destroyed the Auld Alliance - Scots worthless and isolated France
     • English outnumbered by around 10k but still won
     • England killed James, 9 Earls and 14 Lords of Parliament

6. Louis XII dies 1515

   • 1516 England allied with Spain against France but was betrayed
     • 1517 England allied with HRE again betrayed

7. Treaty of London 1518

   • Achieved European peace
     • Will also achieve Papal Ratificiation
     • Gave England a way to take control of Francis
     • Designed to unite the countries of Christianity against the concerning Ottoman Empire

8. 1520 - Field of the Cloth of Gold

   • Built an entire town and castle from scratch
     • England spent around £2m, each camp occupied 2.5 acres and was categorised by the two tents made of gold lined fabric.
       • Spending excess - fountain which continously pumped out red wine, people pumping it from the underground 'reservoir of wine'
     • Used to bring Francis and Henry together as renaissance men
       • Henry and Francis ally but the alliance is broken after 2 weeks as Henry signed a treaty with Charles ensuring that neither of the two sign treaties with France for 2 years.
         • Treaty of Windsor 1522 - the finalisation of an attack on France