Elderly

Elderly

1. physiological changes

   • Skin
     • changes in the distribution of hair and fat
     • reduction in skin functions.
     • decrease in thickness of dermis
     • Loss of subcutaneous fat
   • Musculoskeletal
     • Reduction in elasticity and strength
     • Atrophy and loss of the muscles
     • Innervation of the muscles.
     • decrease bone density and cartilage and connective tissue are altered
   • Cardiovascular
     • increase Thickening of the heart valves
     • increase blood pressure
     • increase Formation of plaques
     • Hardening of the arteries
   • Respiratory
     • decrease Alveolar surface area
     • decrease in Elastic recoil of the lung
     • decrease Efficiency of gas exchange.
   • Gastrointestinal
     • decrease in motility
     • Loss of esophageal sphincter control
     • Constipation, inflammation & bleeding
     • increase in PH
   • Renal & Urinary
     • decrease in glomerular filtration
     • decrease in bladder capacity
   • Nervous system
     • decrease in Brain Size
     • decreae in synaptic transmission
     • Loss of neurons in the brain and the spinal cord
   • Genital
     • decrease in Uterus size
     • decrease in endometrial glands
     • Thinner fallopian tubes
     • Gradual decrease in testosterone
       • andropause
     • decrease in size of the testes
     • Menopause

2. Demographics of aging in UAE

3. Life expectancy

   • total populatione: 77.09 years
     • male: 74.49 years
     • female: 79.83 years

4. services for elderly in UAE

   • Home Care Service
   • Facilitating Government Services for the Elderly
   • Elderly Care Homes
   • Transportation for Senior Citizens

5. Active ageing

6. Theories of Ageing

   • Error theory
     • Wear and tear theory Cross-linking theory Free radicals theory Somatic DNA damage theory
   • Programmed theory
     • Programmed senescence theory Endocrine theory Immunological theory

7. Psychological consequences of grieving

   • Emotional effects
     • Anger, sadness, fear, anxiety ect..
   • Physical effects
     • fatigue, nausea, impaired immunity, weight loss or weight gain, pains, and lack of sleep. crying, headaches, loss of appetite, weakness
   • Social effects
     • isolation
   • Spiritual effects
     • affects religion

8. Functional Assessments screening

   • evaluates
     • Vision Hearing Mobility Oral/ Nutrition Cognitive ADL and IADL Social and living situation
   • goal
     • improve health
     • Identify disabilities
     • monitor changes

9. Polypharmacy in elderly

   • Consequences
     • Drug interactions
     • Adverse Drug Event

10. Pharmacology In elderly

    • Pharmacokinetics
      • Absorption
        • affected by reduced gastric motility or delay emptying or increase PH
      • Distribution
        • increase in distribution of lipid soluble drugs
        • decrease in distribution of water soluble drugs
      • Metabolism
        • decresed
      • Excretion
        • decreased

11. Fed vs. Fasted State Metabolism

12. Health promotion

    • The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions.

13. BMI

14. common diseases and conditions for elderly

    • diabetes, Arthritis, Kidney and bladder problems, Dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Glaucoma Lung disease, Cataracts,Osteoporosis,Enlarged prostate, Macular degeneration, Depression, Cardiovascular disease

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