Immune Systems - created from Mind Map

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Innate Immune Defenses

Adaptive Immune Defenses

fully functional without previous exposure to these invaders

physical and chemical barriers

inflammatory response

phagocytes and natural killer cells

protective proteins

skin

mucous membrane lining the respiratory, digestive and urinary tracts

ciliated cell that sweep mucus and trapped particles up to throat

saliva

tears

milk

secretion of oil glands to kill certain bacteria

mast cells cause capillaries to dilate and become more permeable

increased blood flow to the area causes the skin to redden and become warm

increased permeability of capillaries allows proteins and fluid to escape into tissues -- swelling

initiate an elevated body temperature -- fever

clotting system

macrophage involves in healing response

certain viruses and bacteria may not survive well at higher temperature

neutrophils

eosinophils

natural killer cells

leave bloodstream and phagocytize bacteria in tissue

contains antimicrobial peptides, enzymes that digest bacteria

mounting an attack against animal parasites

kill virus-infected cell and cancer cells

produce cytokines that promotes adaptive immunity

seek for cell that lack MHC-I because some virus-infected cell lack of these molecules.

by cell-to-cell contact

complement proteins

enhanced inflammation

increased phagocytosis

membrane attack complexes

bind to mast cells to trigger histamine release

bind to pathogen

produce holes in bacteria/virus -- salt and fluid can enter to make it burst

initiated and amplified by exposure

B-cells

T-cells

cytokines

active and passive immunity

receptor for antigen on the surface of the cell -- BCR

activated in lymph node or spleen

antibody-mediated immunity

how it works?

immunoglobins

monoclonal antibodies

present in blood and lymph

only with BCR can bind with specific antigen

cytokines secreted by T helper cells stimulates B cell to differentiate

B cell becomes plasma cells

other progeny of dividing B cells become memory cells

secretion of antibodies

have more rough ER

remember particular antigen

immune to the disease

igG

igA

igM

igE

placenta from mother to fetus

breast milk

milk

saliva

tears

indicates infection

bound to receptors on eosinophils

very specific

diagnose infection / illness

fight illness

unable to recognize antigen without help

helper T cell

cytotoxic T cell

TCR combines with MHC molecule

regulates adaptive immunity

cloned helper T cells become memory T cells

release variety of cytokines

cell-mediated immunity

destruction of pathogens

kill virus

contains vacuole with perforin and granzymes

travels to inflammed area

produce pores on plasma membrane

granzymes enters causing the cell to undergo apoptosis

produced by T cells