Test
Addiction
Preguntas del test (36)
1The cognitive approach states that it is faulty and delusional beliefs or expectations which lead to the initiation, maintenance and relapse in addiction
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
2Individuals expect the benefits of a behavior e.g. popularity or a better mood, this is supported by the fact that smoking is most common in adolescence
- ABiological explanation for initiation of smoking
- BCognitive explanation for the initiation of smoking
- CLearning explanation for the maintenance of gambling
- DCognitive explanation for the relapse in gambling
3Found that people had higher expectancies of the benefits of cigarettes over NRT to support the cognitive explanation of the initiation of smoking
- ATate
- BJuliano and Brandon
- CGriffiths
- DSheilds
4Gambling can be seen as self-medication for anxiety or low self-esteem - cognitive explanation for the initiation of gambling
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
5Under the cognitive explanation for the maintenance of smoking, the individual experiences unconscious expectancies involving auto processing, suggesting the individual has no control in the addiction, supported by Tate who found that when smokers were told they would not experience withdrawal, actually reported less psychological and systematic symptoms
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
6The gamblers fallacy involves
- ARecall Bias
- BUnconscious processing
- CJust world hypothesis
- DIllusion of control
7Griffiths found that problem gamblers frequently overestimated the amount of control and skill involved in gambling, supporting the gamblers fallacy
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
8The cognitive explanation for relapse in smoking claims that cognitive myopia is the cause and in gambling, a faulty cost/benefit analysis supported by Benhsain who found that gambling rates between statistics students and non-statistic students were not different
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
9The DRD2 gene variant causes low levels of dopamine receptors and a low stress response, forming a pre-disposition for developing an addiction, forms the basis for the biological explanation for initiation of gambling
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
10Sheilds studied 42 pairs of twins who were reared apart and found that only 9 pairs were discordant for smoking
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
11Sheilds found that first degree relatives are more likely to develop an addicion and Shah found evidence of genetic transition of gambling addiction in men, supporting the cognitive explanation
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
12Maintenance of smoking and gambling addiction due to the biological approach involves...
- ANicotine regulation model
- BIntermittent reinforcement
- CBoredom avoidance
- DUnder active pituitary adrenal response
13Found that there was no salivary cortisol increase in the response to a video of gambling
- AZuckerman
- BBlaszcyski
- CParis
- DShah
14Khaled suggested that smoking permanently alters brain chemistry which causes withdrawal effect and can cause depression
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
15Boredom avoidance is an explanation for relapse under the biological approach
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
16Media is only used to reduce addictive behavior
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
17Drinking, drugs and smoking campaigns have been used through media to reach addicts who are not seeking treatment
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
18Studied the TV series 'Pssst... the really useful guide to alcohol' and found no attitude change in those who watched it
- AKramer
- BHornlike
- CBennett
- DSulkenen
19Studied the 5 part series 'Drinking less, do it yourself' and compared a group who watched it and a control group, both who were low risk alcoholics - found that the intervention group was more effective in reducing behavior and the control group in a 3 month follow up
- AHornlike
- BKramer
- CSargent and Harewinkel
- DJohnston
20The US government invested $1 billion into media campaigns to educate, prevent and convince individuals to stop addictive behaviors, however this resulted in increased marijuana use
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
21Found that youths who were more likely to engage in addictive behavior as they have witnessed their peers doing so, and it becomes common ground
- ABennett
- BKramer
- CWaylen
- DJohnston
22Through films, television and other media platforms, addiction has been depicted in a positive way and research has found that young people are influenced by SLT and vicarious reinforcement
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
23Studied a total of 4384 teens aged 11-15 who were re-surveyed a year later, found that for those who had not initially smoked, exposure to movie smoking over the year was a significant predictor for initiation
- AWaylen
- BSargent and Harewinkel
- CJohnston
- DBennett
24Sulkunen studied 140 scenes from 47 films and found that some films e.g. Trainspotting showed drug enjoyment contrasting with the fullness of ordinary life, this presented addiction as alleviating problems
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
25Studied 360 of the top US box office films and found those depicting smoking created higher chances of teens initiating smoking even when social factors (e.g. peer influence) were controlled
- AWaylen
- BSargent and Harewinkel
- CKhaled
- DKramer
26Nicotine replacement therapy e.g. Gum, nasal spray or patches aim to desensitize nicotine receptors and reduce the intake of harmful chemicals , they are readily available and can be instant or slow delivery, however they don't actually relieve the addiction and can actually become and addiction themselves
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
27A nicotine antagonist which means that relapse has no pleasure, providing no drive to take the drug or smoke, also produces similar effects as nicotine and reduces withdrawal symptoms. Research has found that this was more effective than a 'cold-turkey' control group over 3 months
- ACBT
- BZyban
- CMedia
- DSSRIs
28SSRIs (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors) reduce the amount of serotonin in the synapse, Hollander found that SSRI was successful in treating gambling addiction compared to a control group
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
29Voucher schemes, similar to token economies are based on the ideas of operant conditioning, individuals are given rewards for not engaging in addictive behavior and having negative drug test results, Sindelar found this was more effective than a control group
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
30Aims to directly alter the way we think, creates coping strategies and addresses faulty thinking
- AToken economies
- BECT
- CZyban
- DCBT
31Driessen found that 30% of drug addicts and 15% of alcoholics have suffered from PTSD and Clongier found that there are two types of alcoholics 1) Reduce Tension 2) Reduce bored, type 1 is more likely to become addicted, this supports the role of...
- AStress
- BAge
- CPersonality
- DPeers
32People use gambling as a form of 'self-medication' in coping with every-day stress ad daily hassles
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
33SLT and SID suggest that what is a risk factor in addiction?
- AAge
- BPersonality
- CStress
- DPeers
34Eiser found that popularity was seen as a reward for smoking amongst peers and Abrams and Hogg found that group members adopt norms central to the social identity
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
35The influence of peers on addiction is lowest at a young age and instead romantic partners play a more important role
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
36Extroversion (under aroused, seek stimulation), neuroticism (depression and anxiety) and psychoticism (hostility and impulsivity) all increase the risk of developing addiction, supported by Belin's rat and cocaine study
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Addiction, creado por Jack Sandell el 13/06/2015.
- Autor
- Jack Sandell
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 6
- Historial
- Creado el 13 jun 2015 · actualizado el 7 mar 2018
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test