Test
IBS - Embryology Quiz
Preguntas del test (33)
1What does the Morula become?
- AA distinct inner and outer cell mass
- BA trilaminar embryo
- CThe epiblast and hypoblast
2The inner cell mass differentiates into which two structures?
- AEpiblast
- BHypoblast
- CEctoderm
- DMesoderm
- EEndoderm
3The primitive streak indicates that gastrulation is occurring.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
4What is gastrulation?
- AThe migration of epiblast cells to the primitive streak which then migrates down and displaces the hypoblast, forming a trilaminar embryo consisting, in descending order, of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
- BThe folding of the parietal and visceral layers of the lateral plate mesoderm in order to form the precursors to the bone and wall of the gut tube respectively.
- CThe formation of the notochord from the notochordal plate in a cranial to caudal sequence.
5The Ectoderm is destined to become what structures?
- ATooth enamel
- BNervous system
- CEpidermis
- DGastrointestinal tract
- ERespiratory system
- FMuscle
- GCardiovascular system
6The Mesoderm is destined to become which structures?
- AConnective tissue
- BCardiovascular system
- CMuscle
- DBlood cells
- ERespiratory system
- FNervous system
- GEpidermis
7The Endoderm is destined to become which structures?
- AGastrointestinal tract
- BRespiratory system
- CUrinary system
- DEpidermis
- EConnective tissue
- FCardiovascular system
8The Notochord is important in signal secretion for nervous system development.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
9The primitive node is the "organiser" of the trilaminar embryo, and releases signalling molecules like NODAL, BMP4 and Noggin.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
10Neurulation is the formation of the neural tube. The embryonic plate elongates and folding creates a neural groove and neural plate. Somites, ridges either side of the groove form. Continued folding leads to a tube structure forming. The anterior and posterior neuropores then close, forming a neural tube.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
11The notochord release BMP that patterns the ventral side of the neural tube.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
12BMP is released which patterns the dorsal side of the neural tube.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
13Spina Bifida is caused by what?
- AFailure of the neural tube to close
- BFailure of neural crest cells to migrate
- CFailure of gastrulation
14Mutations in SHH can lead to what?
- ACyclopsia due to lack of bilateral symmetry
- BInverted organ symmetry due to lack of wafting
15The mesoderm differentiates into which layers?
- ASomatic
- BIntermediate
- CLateral plate - Parietal and Visceral layers
- DOccipital
- EFrontal
- FPosterior
16Folding of the parietal layer of the lateral plate mesoderm produces the precursor to the GI tract.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
17Somites differentiate into what three 'tomes'?
- ADermatome
- BMyotome
- CSclerotome
- DEpitome
- EGastrotome
- FEchinotome
18HOX genes are not responsible for coding for particular segments of body structures
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
19Pharyngeal arches are located where?
- AEctodermal side - ridges
- BEndodermal side - ridges
- CEndodermal side - pits
- DEctodermal side - pits
20There are 5 pharyngeal arches; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
21Neural crest cell migration is important in forming the ectodermal placodes. The crest cells aid in the formation of sensory ganglia of certain cranial nerves. Which cranial nerves are these and what conditions may result due to migration failure?
- ACN 5, 7, 9 and 10
- BCN 5, 7, 8 and 10
- CCN 1, 3, 10 and 12
- DCN 2, 4, 9 and 11
- EDigeorge syndrome
- FRobin syndrome
- GAnencephaly
- HDown's Syndrome
22Migrated neural crest cells can form 'cartilages' in the arches such as Meckel's cartilage. What is its function?
- APrecursor template for the mandible
- BSignal secretion for the developing embryo
- CFormation of the sensory ganglia in the arches
23Which cranial nerve innervates the 1st pharyngeal arch?
- ATrigeminal
- BFacial
- CGlossopharyngeal
- DVagus
24Which cranial nerve innervates the 2nd pharyngeal arch?
- ATrigeminal
- BFacial
- CGlossopharyngeal
- DVagus
25Which cranial nerve innervates the 3rd pharyngeal arch?
- ATrigeminal
- BFacial
- CGlossopharyngeal
- DVagus
26Which cranial nerve innervates the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?
- ATrigeminal
- BFacial
- CGlossopharyngeal
- DVagus
27Which components of the skull are made from the 1st pharyngeal arch?
- AZygomatic bone
- BMaxilla
- CMandible
- DTemporal bone
- EHyoid bone
- FStyloid process
28Which components of the skull are made from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?
- AHyoid bone
- BStyloid process
- CStylohyoid ligament
- DZygomatic bone
- ECricoid cartilage
29Which components of the skull are made from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?
- AThyroid cartilage
- BCricoid cartilage
- CStyloid process
- DMaxilla
- ETemporal bone
30The medial and lateral nasal prominences join together to make the nose.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
31The fusion of the medial nasal prominences forms the secondary palate
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
32The maxillary prominences fuse together to form the secondary palate
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
33What condition(s) are caused by failure of the nasal, mandibular and maxillary prominences to fuse?
- ACleft palate
- BSpina Bifida
- CDiGeorge
- DRobin
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