Test
Existential-Humanistic Approach
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Preguntas del test (111)
1Phenomenological, existential and humanistic all refer to:
- AExistential-humanistic psychology
- BSelf-actualisation psychology
- CIndividualistic psychology
- DPotential psychology
2The existential-humanistic approach focuses on:
- AEveryone being their own individual that can shape themselves
- BEveryone being their own individual and in charge of their destiny
- CAnother one of us that we must control in order to achieve total fulfillment
- DThe human form and how it shapes personality psychology
3Select the two terms that the existential-humanistic approach uses most:
- ASelf
- BIndividual
- CPersonality
- DExistential
- ESelf-actualisation
4Does existential-humanism focus on subjectivity or objectivity?
- ASubjectivity
- BObjectivity
5What is existential philosophy most concerned with?
- AThe meaningfulness of human existence
- BThe meaningfulness of self
- CHow we are all self-actualised
- DWhat concerns us the most and why it becomes our discrepancies
6Is existential-humanism concerned with individualism or others?
- AIndividualism
- BOthers
7Does existential-humanism believe that we have free will or that we are predetermined?
- AFree will
- BPredetermined
8Does existentialism value freedom or hierarchy?
- AFreedom
- BHierarchy
9Does humanistic psychology believe that individuals have room to grow?
- AYes
- BNo
10Does humanistic psychology believe that everyone is inherently "bad" or "unworthy"?
- ANo
- BYes
11Who developed the Self-Actualisation Theory?
- AMaslow
- BRogers
- CBanswinger
- DBoss
- EMay
- FFromm
- GLaing
12According to Rogers (1959), people who are _____-________ are fully functioning, open to new challenges, experiences, meanings, and trust both their feelings and perceptions.
- ASelf-actualising
- BSelf-dependent
- CSelf-discrepant
13Do people have a strong need for acceptance from others, especially their significant others (eg, husbands, wives), according to Rogers (1959)?
- AYes
- BNo
14________ positive regard refers to acceptance without condition.
- AConditional
- BUnconditional
15________ positive regard refers to acceptance upon condition (eg, career goals). This can block the path to self-actualisation.
- AConditional
- BUnconditional
16Those who have _____ self-actualisation are independent, spontaneous, understand their own imperfections, accept themselves as well as others, and are aware that relationships with others require effort.
- Ahigh
- Blow
17Those who have _____ self-actualisation are dependent on others, anxious, consistently aware of their own imperfections, do not truly accept themselves as well as others, and sometimes take others for granted.
- Ahigh
- Blow
18Duci (1975) believes that there are three needs in order for an individual to be satisfied and have both a meaningful and happy life. One must have self-determination, competence, and relatedness to others. What is this theory called?
- ASelf-determination theory
- BSelf-relatedness theory
- CSelf-competence theory
19In Duci's (1975) theory, do self-determination and relatedness to others conflict with each other?
- AYes
- BNo
20Once all three criteria are met in Duci's (1975) theory, what is achieved?
- ASelf-concordance
- BSelf-actualisation
- CSelf-belief
21Does Duci's (1975) theory believe everyone to have free will?
- AYes
- BNo
22According to Rogers and the self-concept, what is self-esteem predicated on?
- ASelf and ideal self
- BSelf and discrepant self
- CSelf and others
23Low discrepancies between self and ideal self achieves ...
- AHigh self-esteem
- BLow self-esteem
24Significant discrepancies between self and ideal self achieves ...
- AHigh self-esteem
- BLow self-esteem
25What happens when people have significant discrepancies between their views of self and ideal self?
- AAnxiety
- BDepression
- CSuicide
26Individuals that are not self-actualised tend to avoid human existence's conditions and their path to self-actualisation itself is blocked. This known as ________ ________.
- ADysfunctional behaviour
- BDiscrepancy behaviour
- CDysregulated behaviour
27What approach to personality psychology aims to identify maladaptive defence mechanisms, discover their destructive influences (eg, alcohol, drugs), and reduce anxiety by finding new coping strategies with self and others?
- AExistential-humanism
- BBehavioural
- CSocial cognition
28Does social constructionism believe that the perspective of separate individuals is correct?
- AYes
- BNo
29Does social constructionism believe that there is a personal inner self called "personality"?
- AYes
- BNo
30Does social constructionism view personality as a stable mechanism?
- AYes
- BNo
31Social constructionism believes that:
- AScientific concepts can be validated through observation
- BScientific concepts can arise from interaction within different historical, cultural, and social contexts
32Social constructionism believes that:
- AThe acceptance of scientific concepts is dependent on empirical validity
- BThe acceptance of scientific concepts are based on social processes that involve negotiation and power differences between social groups
33Are people now assumed to differ in their social complexities or self-elaboration depending on context?
- AYes
- BNo
34Do different schemata of the self-concept become active (or salient) at any given time, according to Markus (1977)?
- AYes
- BNo
35Parts of the self-concept are assumed to:
- AEmbrace conscious perception
- BEvade and avoid conscious perception
36Victor Frankl was responsible for:
- AMeaning and purpose
- BAlienation in capitalist societies
- COntological insecurity
- DLove
- EHierarchy of needs
- FClient-centered therapy
37Erich Fromm was responsible for:
- AMeaning and purpose
- BAlienation in capitalist societies
- COntological insecurity
- DLove
- EHierarchy of needs
- FClient-centered therapy
38Robert Laing was responsible for:
- AMeaning and purpose
- BAlienation in capitalist societies
- COntological insecurity
- DLove
- EHierarchy of needs
- FClient-centered therapy
39Rollo May was responsible for:
- AMeaning and purpose
- BAlienation in capitalist societies
- COntological insecurity
- DLove
- EHierarchy of needs
- FClient-centered therapy
40Abraham Maslow was responsible for:
- AMeaning and purpose
- BAlienation in capitalist societies
- COntological insecurity
- DLove
- EHierarchy of needs
- FClient-centered therapy
41Carl Rogers was responsible for:
- AMeaning and purpose
- BAlienation in capitalist societies
- COntological insecurity
- DLove
- EHierarchy of needs
- FClient-centered therapy
42Which of these became known as the "third force" in psychology?
- APsychoanalysis
- BBehaviourism
- CHumanism
43Which psychologist posited that the self consists of three aspects (actual self, ideal self, and self-esteem)?
- ARogers
- BMaslow
- CSkinner
- DWatson
44Does anyone ant to experience anxiety?
- ANo, because people want to strive for high self-esteem
- BYes, some people do
45On Maslow's (1943) hierarchy of needs, which of the following is at the top?
- ASelf-actualisation
- BSelf-esteem
- CLove, sense of belonging
- DSafety, security
- EPhysiological needs
46On Maslow's (1943) hierarchy of needs, which of the following is at the bottom?
- ASelf-actualisation
- BSelf-esteem
- CLove, sense of belonging
- DSafety, security
- EPhysiological needs
47Rogers (1959) understood self-actualisation as organisms automatically evaluating its experiences and whether or not they are enhancing actualisation. What is this called?
- AOrganismic valuing process
- BSelf-organismic understanding
- CAuto-organism processing
48Conditions of worth are:
- AThe conditions with which people are judged worthy of positive regard
- BThe conditions of which people are under for others to socialise and interact with
49Rogers argued that having conditions of worth applied to us by people around us causes us to start applying the conditions to ourselves (Sheldon & Elliot, 1998). What is this called?
- AConditional self-regard
- BConditional acceptance
- CConditional actualisation
50Can we apply conditions of regard to ourselves, according to Rogers?
- AYes, we can
- BNo, we cannot
51Some people rely on their performances (eg, academics, careers) to be a 'complete person'. What is this known as?
- AContingent self-worth
- BWorthiness of self
52According to research, can contingents of self-worth (eg, Crocker & Knight, 2005; Park & Crocker, 2008; Cambron & Acitelli, 2010; Cambron & Acitelli, & Steinberg, 2010) be damaging (eg, relationships, negative interpersonal feedback, domestic abuse)?
- AYes, they can be
- BNo, never
53According to Deci and Ryan (1980, 1985, 1991, 2000), self-determination refers to:
- AIntrinsic interests and/or of value to you
- BOf value to others
54According to Deci and Ryan (1980, 1985, 1991, 2000), controlled behaviour refers to:
- ABehaviour done to derive pleasure, gratitude, or reward
- BBehaviour done to appease others
55Do people stay interested in behaviours that are controlled or self-determined?
- AControlled
- BSelf-determined
56According to research, do people lose interest in activities when promised some reward for working on them (Deci, Koestner, & Ryan, 1999)? Has it been found in children, according to Lepper and Greene (1975)?
- AYes
- BNo
57According to Deci and Ryan (1980, 1985, 1991, 2000), do people want to feel a sense of self-determination in everything that they do?
- AYes
- BNo
58________ ________ occurs when a person treats a behaviour as a "should" or an "ought" - when the person does it to avoid guilt or gain self-approval. If you try to do well in a class so you won't feel guilty about wasting your parents' tuition money, that's ...
- AIntrojection behaviour
- BSelf-ought behaviour
59________ ________ is when the person has come to hold the behaviour as personally meaningful and valuable. If you try to do well in a class because you believe learning is important to your growth, then that's ...
- AIdentified regulation
- BMotivated regulation
60According to Sheldon (2005), do people become less introjected and more identified in their behavioural regulations as they grow older?
- AYes
- BNo
61Restrictive parents (eg, authoritarian style) produces adults who value what more? (Kasser, Koestner, & Lekes, 2002)
- AConformity
- BSelf-direction
62According to Deci and Ryan (1991, 2000) a sense of autonomy refers to:
- AThe sense of free self-determination
- BThe sense of total independence
63Do true needs for relatedness, in line with Deci and Ryan's (1991, 2000) definition of autonomy, conflict with one another?
- AYes
- BNo
64Can relatedness and autonomy coexist?
- AYes, they can
- BNo, they cannot
65According to Deci (et al., 2006), relationships are what when partners are supportive of autonomy?
- ABetter and richer
- BMore hostile and aggressive
66According to Deci and Ryan (1991, 2000), we rely on, for relatedness:
- AGenuine connections to others and unconditional acceptance
- BConnections based on pressure and demand, as well as conditional acceptance
67Self-concordance refers to:
- APursuing goals that are associated with one's core values
- BPursuing goals that are concordant with others' expectations
68Can pursuit of self-concordance create a longer-term spiral of benefits, according to research (Sheldon & Houser-Marko, 2001)?
- AYes, it can
- BNo, it cannot
69Reactance (Brehm, 1966; Brehm & Brehm, 1981) is when:
- APeople expect a particular as part of their everyday lives and it has become threatened
- BPeople react towards your own self-concordance
70According to Wegner and Wheatley (1999), did participants calim to have exerted their will in a situation in which they had not?
- AYes, they did
- BNo, they did not
71Congruence means:
- AFitting together
- BSeparation
72According to Swann (1987, 1990) do people want to their experience to be congruent with their self-concept?
- AYes, this is known as self-verification
- BNo, they do not
73If you think that you are a good athlete, you will want others to think so, too. Another example is, if you think you're shy, you will also want others to realise. The same goes for odd. What is this called?
- ASelf-verification
- BSocial verification
74Self-verification refers to trying not to have incongruity between self and experience. Self-protection refers to:
- ATrying not to be aware of incongruity between one's desired self and actual self
- BTrying to be congruent with one's desired self and actual self
75According to Rogers (1959), incongruence leads to:
- AAnxiety
- BOCD
76When people perceive a threat to their self-esteem, according to Rogers (1959), they:
- AEither distort their perception or distance themselves
- BTend to socialise a lot more
77Self-handicapping refers to:
- AActing to create the very conditions that produce failure
- BActing to undermine others where one sees fit
78If you party the night before a test, and sleep through it the next day, this is known as:
- ASelf-handicapping
- BIrresponsibility
79Do people self-handicap when the conditions are bad, or the expected outcome is bad? (Lovejoy & Durik, 2010)
- AYes, they do
- BNo, they do not
80Is a theory for self-handicapping that people intentionally create environments to fail in order to self-justify that their failure is because no one else would have succeeded?
- AYes
- BNo
81Does self-handicapping prevent the awareness of failure?
- AYes, it does
- BNo, it does not
82Do people who tend to self-handicap cope poorly with stress? (Zuckerman, Kieffer, & Knee, 1998)?
- AYes, they do
- BNo, they do not
83If people think that you are self-handicapping (McCrea & Boris, 2003), then they react:
- APositively
- BNegatively
84Stereotype threat refers to:
- APerceived poor expectations of groups leads to poor results
- BPerceived threats from others elicits an aggressive response
85According to research, does the sense of being prejudged occupy a person's mind and promote negative thinking?
- AYes, it does
- BNo, it does not
86When people disidentify (Steele, 1997), they:
- APut in a lower effort and care less
- BPut in a bigger effort to prove doubters wrong
87Maslow noted his mother as a "cruel, ignorant, and hostile figure, one so unloving as to nearly induce madness in her children". How did he respond?
- APositively, because it was direct consequence of his mother's maltreatement
- BNegatively, and he regressed
88In Maslow's (1943) hierarchy of needs, do we need to satisfy lower needs before attempting to obtain higher ones?
- AYes, we do
- BNo, we do not
89Maslow (1995) said motives towards the bottom arise from deprivation. These are:
- ADeficiency-based motives
- BEvolutionary-based motives
90Maslow (1955) said motives towards are:
- AGrowth-based motives
- BActualisation-based motives
91Maslow (1971) understood transcendent self-actualisers as:
- APeople who are overcome with self-actualisation that it becomes the most important part of their lives
- BPeople who encourage others to self-actualise as well
92Peak experience, for Maslow (1971), refers to:
- AAn intense moment of self-actualisation
- BPeak arousal
93Can peak experiences be experienced in a passive way, according to research (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975; Privette & Landsman, 1983)?
- AYes, they can be
- BNo, never
94According to Csikszentmihalyi and LeFevre (1989), do peak experiences occur more during work or leisure?
- AWork
- BLeisure
95Existential psychology stresses that:
- APeople self-actualise
- BPeople take responsibility for their own choices and actions
96Dasein, from German, translates to:
- AA being in the world
- BOne being
97Dasein refers to:
- ATotality
- BSeparation
98Do existenstialists believe that there is life outside of us metaphysically?
- ANo, they do not
- BYes, they do
99To existentialists:
- ALife has no meaning unless you create it
- BLife has meaning beyond us
100Existential guilt refers to:
- AGuilt in not choosing to use one's free will
- BGuilt in seeing others exercise their free will
101Emptiness occurs when:
- AWe lose a sense of commitment to our values, and turn to others
- BWe fight against our own selves
102Terror management (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986) refers to:
- APeople attemtping to live their lives with meaning and value because they fear of death
- BPeople using coping strategies for aggression
103According to terror management (Greenberg, Solomon, & Pyszczynski, 1997), do people derive their meaning of life from themselves or from others?
- AFrom themselves
- BFrom others (eg, socialising, culture)
104According to terror management (Greenberg, Solomon, & Pyszczynski, 1997), do we become more protective of our values in when reminded of our mortality?
- AYes
- BNo
105Does mortality salience encourage people to adhere more to their cultural norms? For example, more patriotism in Americans, jihadists become more devoted to their cause (Pyszczynski, Solomon, & Greenberg, 2002).
- AYes
- BNo
106Can mortality salience make people more altruistic (eg, support more charities) when they are associated with their cultural norms? (Jonas, Schimel, Greenberg, & Pyszczynski, 2002)?
- AYes
- BNo
107According to Williams and Jahrig (2007), do threats to our worldviews induce thoughts about death?
- AYes
- BNo
108According to Greenberg (et al., 2001), do people avoid thinking of themselves as animals, because all animals die?
- AYes
- BNo
109In interviewing techniques, content analysis refers to:
- AGrouping a person's statements in some way and seeing how many can fall into a group
- BSeparating and disseminating statements from interviews
110For Rogers (eg, Rogers & Draymond, 1954; Block, 1961), Q-sort refers to:
- ACompiling self-evalulative statements from least to most like someone (you)
- BSorting statements for content analysis
111The Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) has paired statements that you agree with the most. According to POI:
- AMore self-actualised people are inner-directed than those that are not
- BLess self-actualised people are inner-directed than those that are not
Información
- Descripción
- - (done) Personality saved Test sobre Existential-Humanistic Approach, creado por murat sertay el 16/08/2016.
- Autor
- murat sertay
- Idioma
- English
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