2.1 Cell Division

Cell Division (Rev Guide 15)

• 1. Explain the cell cycle
• a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and dividesa series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides
• 2. What does the term Mitosis mean?
• the cell splits to form 2 different cells with the same nucleus
• 3. What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle?
• Interphase. During the interphase stage of the cell cycle, the cell grows and organelles such as mitochondria and ribosomes double. ...
• Mitosis. During mitosis, the nucleus membrane degenerates. ...
• Cytokinesis.
• 4. What are chromosomes?
• single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cellsingle molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell
• 5. How many chromosomes does a human have?
• 46, 23 pairs of 2
• 

Questions

• 1. What happens to the chromosomes during mitosis?
• Chromosomes and their copies are pulled to different ends of the cell
• 2. A cell has nine pairs of chromosomes. The cell divides by mitosis. How many chromosomes are in each new cell?
• each cell would have 9 pairs of chromosomes

Growth and differentiation

• 
• What is cell differentiation?
• dividing cells change their functional
• What is the difference between animal and plant cells in terms of how they differentiate?
• plant cells can be differentiated multiple time whereas animal cells can only be differentiated once

Stem Cells

• What are stem cells? (2 types)
• an embryonic stem cell can be differentiated multiple times whereas a adult stem cell can only go threw differentiation once
• What is a zygote?
• a zygote is a fertilised egg
• How can stem cells be used to help treat illness?
• The specialised cells can inject into the area of illness and recreate the ill/not working cells

Stem cell dilemmas

• What ethical dilemmas in using embryonic stem cells?
• It is against some religions, the embryo is considered a living thing as if kept and fertilized it can become a human being
• What is therapeutic cloning?
• the use of cloning to treat human diseases and disorders

Stem cell dilemmas

• Advantages:
• they can cure incurable diseases such as alzheimer's
• they can regenerate damaged muscles, tissues and recreate ill cells
• Disadvantages:
• it is against some religions
• it is unethical as the embryo could be seen as living, if fertilized the embryo becomes a living being and did not give consent to become a stem cell
• expensive