Respiration Process.

Glycolysis

• ATP attaches to glucose (6C).
• 2 x ATP needed to convert glucose into glucose phosphate via phosphorylation.
• Glucose phosphate is unstable, so it splits into 2 x triose phosphate (3C).
• Triose phosphate oxidises to pyruvate, resulting in NADH.
• Total = 4 x ATP and a net gain of 2 x ATP for each glucose molecule.
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• Pie de imagen: Occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.

Link Reaction

• Pyruvate oxidises acetate, resulting in NADH and decarboxylation.
• Coenzyme A joins to convert acetate into Acetyl CoA.
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• Pie de imagen: Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.

Kreb Cycle

• AcetylCoA combines with 4C to make Citric Acid (6C).
• 2 x decarboxylation reactions = 4C.
• Oxidation reactions produce 3 x NADH, 1 x FADH and ATP.
• ATP is formed from substrate level phosphorylation.
• This forms 4C Oxaloacetic, which can join to another AcetlyCoA to continue the reaction.
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• Pie de imagen: Occurs in matrix of mitochondria.

Electron Transfer Chain

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• e- = picked up by carrier 1 = C1 reduced. Oxidised NAD goes back to Krebs cycle.
• C1 = oxidised, so C2 is reduced as e- passes to it = releases energy for ATP.
• Oxidised FAD goes back to Krebs cycle.
• Proton gradient = H+ is pumped into intermembrane space using e- energy.
• e- + H + O2 = H2O - acts as a final e- acceptor.
• H+ diffuses through ATPase. ADP + Pi = ATP = Oxidative Phosphorylation.
• Pie de imagen: This occurs in the Cristae of the mitochondria.