Fichas
Unit 1: Matter
Fichas del conjunto (42)
- 1AqueousA water solution, indicated by the notation "(aq)". For example, HCl (aq) indicates a water solution of hydrochloric acid.
- 2AtomThe smallest particle of an element that represents its physical and chemical properties.
- 3Average Kinetic EnergyEnergy of motion; the temperature of a substance is a measure of its average kinetic energy.
- 4Boiling PointThe temperature at which a phase change occurs from liquid to gas as energy is absorbed.
A liquid will boil at the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the pressure on the liquid (atmospheric pressure). - 5CelsiusA temperature scale with set points of 0° for the freezing point of water at 1 atm (the ice-water equilibrium), and 100° for the boiling point of water at 1 atm (the water-steam equilibrium); abbreviated as "°C".
- 6Chemical Reaction (Change)The formation of a new substance with its own physical and chemical properties.
Examples of chemical reactions include: single replacement, double replacement (substitution), decomposition, and synthesis. - 7CompoundA substance composed of two or more different elements chemically combined in a definite ratio.
A compound can be decomposed by a chemical change. - 8condensationThe change in state of matter from a gas (vapor) to a liquid.
Heat is released in this phase change. - 9CrystalA solid with a regular geometric pattern.
All true solids have a crystalline structure.
Crystals contain particles arranged in a regular geometric pattern.
Particles of matter are constantly vibrating even in the solid phase. - 10DensityMass per unit volume.
- 11DepositionA phase change in which a gas turns directly into a solid, skipping the liquid phase; the settling out of material from a solution.
- 12ElementA substance that cannot be decomposed by chemical change.
All known elements are listed in the Periodic Table. - 13Endothermic ReactionA reaction in which the products contain more energy than the reactants.
Energy is absorbed in an endothermic reaction. - 14EvaporationA change in state from liquid to gas; energy is absorbed.
- 15Exothermic ReactionA reaction in which the products contain less energy than the reactants.
Energy is released in an exothermic reaction. - 16freezingThe change in phase of a substance from a liquid to a solid. The substance releases energy.
- 17Freezing PointThe temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to the solid phase. Contrast with the melting point. At the freezing point, both the liquid and solid phases are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure.
- 18GasA phase of matter that takes the shape and volume of its container. The gaseous phase of matter is represented by the notation "(g)".
- 19GramA unit of mass in the metric system; symbol is "g".
- 20HeatA flow of energy from an area of higher temperature to an area of lower temperature.
- 21Heat of VaporizationThe energy required to vaporize a unit mass of a liquid at its normal boiling point.
- 22Heating and Cooling CurveA graph representing the changes in the phases of matter.
- 23KelvinAn absolute temperature scale; the temperature measured in Kelvins is equal to the temperature in degrees Celsius + 273.
The span of 1 K is equal to the span of 1°C.
0 K = absolute zero = −273°C. - 24JouleA unit of energy .
- 25Kinetic EnergyThe energy of motion, as opposed to potential energy (energy of position). Temperature measures average kinetic energy
- 26LiquidA phase of matter that has definite volume but takes the shape of its container. Matter in the liquid phase indicated by the notation "(l)".
- 27MassA measure of the amount of matter; often measured in grams (g).
- 28MatterAnything that has mass and takes up space.
- 29meltingA phase change from a solid to a liquid.
- 30MixtureA combination of two or more distinct substances differing in properties and composition.
The composition of a mixture can vary. - 31MoleculeThe smallest particle of an element or compound capable of independent existence and formed by covalently bonded atoms in a definite ratio.
A molecular compound can be decomposed by a chemical change. - 32Phase changeChange in state of matter. The addition or removal of heat energy can cause the form of matter to change between solid, liquid, and vapor.
- 33Physical ChangeA change in the phase of matter or in its physical properties, such as shape, mass, volume, or density.
- 34Potential EnergyEnergy of position rather than of motion, such as the energy stored in a chemical bond; contrast with kinetic energy.
- 35Specific heat capacityThe amount of energy (in joules) it takes to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by 1 Kelvin.
- 36Specific Heat of WaterThe amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 Kelvin; a heat value equal to 4.18 J/g·K.
- 37Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)For any gas, STP is defined as 0°C (273 K) and 760 mm of mercury (760 torr), or 101.3 kPa (kilopascals) or 1 atmosphere, of pressure.
- 38SublimationA change from a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase.
- 39SubstanceMatter in which all samples have identical properties and composition.
- 40TemperatureA measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules that make up a substance; how "hot" or "cold".
Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or Kelvin (K). - 41VaporizationEvaporation. The change in phase or state from a liquid to a vapor (gas). Evaporation of water is a cooling process.
- 42VolumeThe amount of space occupied by matter.
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- 11th grade Chemistry Fichas sobre Unit 1: Matter, creado por Elisa Lorenz el 27/10/2017.
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- Elisa Lorenz
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