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Unit 4: Respiratory and Circulatory System
Fichas del conjunto (59)
- 1Name 5 parts of the respiratory system.Nose Trachea Bronchi
Bronchioles Alveoli Inter-costal muscles
Ribs Diaphragm Pleural Membrane - 2What is gaseous exchange and where does it occur?The process where oxygen is taken from the air and exchanged for carbon dioxide. It takes place in the alveoli located inside the lungs.
- 3Describe the physical changes that occur to the following components during inspiration: Ribs, diaphragm, intercostal muscles, air pressure and lungsThe ribs lift upwards.
The diaphragm contracts and pushes down so that it appears to be flatter.
The intercostal muscles contract to lift the rib cage.
The air pressure falls due to the internal space increasing in size.
The lungs fills with air. - 4Describe the physical changes that occur to the following components during expiration: Ribs, diaphragm, intercostal muscles, air pressure and lungs.The ribs lower.
The diaphragm relaxes and bulges up.
The intercostal muscles relax.
The air pressure increases due to the internal space decreasing in size.
The air is forced out of the lungs. - 5What is the definition for respiratory rate?The number of breaths taken in one minute.
- 6What is the defintion for VO2 MAX?The maximum amount of oxygen a person can take in and use in one minute.
- 7What effect does exercise have on the respiratory rate and VO2 MAX?Both significantly increase.
The breathing rate can increase by upto 3 times.
The VO2 MAX can increase by upto 20 times to ensure oxygen reaches the working muscles. - 8Aerobic respiration Give the definition, the equation and a sporting example.Aerobic respiration is in the presence of oxygen.
Glucose + oxygen = energy + carbon dioxide + water
Cross country running - 9Anaerobic respiration Give the definition, the equation and a sporting example.Anaerobic respiration is in the absence of oxygen.
Glucose = energy + lactic acid
100m sprinter - 10What is lactic acid?It is a mild poison, a waste product.
- 11What effect does lactic acid have on performance?The muscles stiffen
The muscles fatigue
Muscles get cramp
The player may be forced to stop
The player may be substituted - 12What is cramp and how can it be relieved?A muscle is locked in contrcation or is in spasm.
It is an involuntary contraction following intense exercise.
It can be relieved by massaging the affected area. - 13What is fatigue?It is a feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness. When muscles no longer continue to work properly, you may be forced to stop performing.
- 14What are the signs of fatigue?The signs (see or feel)
pain, joints stiffen, cramp, deep breathing, muscles ache, stress, tired, increased pulse and red skin. - 15What are the effects of fatigue on performance?Effects (impact on your play)
Lower levels of concentration
Decreasing stamina
Mistakes start to happen
Greater risk of injury or accidents
May be substituted - 16What type of athletes use slow twitch fibres? What are the characteristics of slow twitch fibres?Athletes participating in endurance activities like fell running and cyclo cross.
The fibres contract slowly without much force. They do not tire easily. - 17What type of athletes use fast twitch fibres? What are the characteristics of fast twitch fibres?Athletes involved in explosive events like a 100 metre sprinter or a long jumper.
The fast twitch fibres contract much faster with more force. They tire easily. - 18What are the short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system?Increase the rate of breathing
Increase the depth of breathing
Increasing the blood flow through the lungs
Increasing the oxygen taken up and used by the body
Oxygen used during exercise can be upto 20 times a person's normal oxygen uptake. - 19What are the long term effects of training on the respiratory system?Increased lung size
Increased capillary network into the alveoli
Improved gaseous exchange
Better stamina
Improved VO2 MAX
Sustain high levels of performance
Performer less out of breath - 20Where is glycogen stored?In the liver and muscles
- 21What is an oxygen debt?When the muscles have been starved of oxygen due to an excessive work rate.
- 22How can an oxygen debt be repaid?By stopping the activity and taking deep breaths to ensure the body receives more oxygen.
- 23What does the circulatory system consist of?Heart, blood and blood vessels
- 24What is the function the circulatory system?To deliver oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles and remove unwanted carbon dioxide.
- 25What are the four components of blood?Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma - 26Red blood cells contain a substance to help it to carry oxygen around the body. What is this substance called? When combined with oxygen what is it called?Haemoglobin
Oxy-haemoglobin - 27What is the role of the white blood cells?Defend the body against disease.
White blood cells surround the germs before eating them up. - 28What is the role of platelets?They help blood to clot, this prevents bacteria entering the wound and stops you bleeding to death.
- 29What is the role of plasma?It helps transport substances around the body and maintain body temperature.
- 30The circulatory system has three main functions. What are they?Transportation
Protection
Temperature regulation - 31Explain how the circulatory system aids transportation.Oxygen, glucose and hormones are taken around the body.
Carbon dioxide and other waste products are removed. - 32Explain how the circulatory system protects the body.Antibodies fight infection.
Platelets seal wounds.
Lactic acid prevents an athlete from continuing to participate in their activity. - 33Explain how the ciculatory system regulates body temperature.Water in sweat is evaporated cooling the body.
The blood absorbs body heat and carries it to the skins surface so it can be released. - 34Name the three different types of blood vessels found in the body.Arteries
Capillaries
Veins - 35Explain the function of each blood vessel.Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Capillaries carry blood to and from the bodies cells.
Veins carry blood back into the heart. - 36Which blood vessel contains valves and why?Veins have valves.
It is necessary to keep the blood flowing in one direction. The returning blood going to the heart in the veins is at a low pressure and is working against garvity so the valves help to shunt the blood through the veins. - 37Name the properties associated with an artery.Has a thick muscular wall.
Carries blood away from the heart.
Carries blood at a high pressure.
Carries oxygen rich blood to the bodies cells. - 38Name the properties associated with a capillary.Carries blood to and from the body's cells.
Connects an artery to a vein.
Has a very thin wall made of a single layer of cells.
Has a thin wall so that the substances can be exchanged between the blood and the body cells. - 39Name the properties associated with a vein.Has a thin wall and contains valves.
Carries blood back into the heart.
Carries blood at a low pressure.
Carries deoxygenated blood from the body's cells to the heart. - 40What type of muscle is the cardiac muscle?It is an involuntary muscle.
It works effortlessly and tirelessly to supply oxygenated blood to the working tissues of the body. - 41The circulatory system is known as a double pump. What are the two circuits called?Systemic circuit
Pulmonary circuit - 42Explain the systemic circuit.The oxygenated blood starts in the left ventricle. It is pumped into the aorta and carried to the working tissues of the body. The waste carbon dioxide enters the vena cava and is transported to the right atrium.
- 43Explain pulmonary circuit.The deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle in the pulmonary artery and is taken to the lungs. The carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. The oxygenated blood enters the pulmonary vein and is carried to the left atrium.
- 44How can we measure the hearts productivity?Take the pulse
Pulse - a recording of the rate per minute at which the heart beats. - 45Where can the pulse be taken and what are the names of the arteries at each location?Wrist - Radial artery
Neck - Carotid artery
Temple - Temporal artery
Groin - Femoral artery - 46What is the definition for heart beat and stroke volume?Heart beat - One contraction and relaxation of the heart.
Stroke volume - the amount of blood leaving the left ventricle per beat. - 47What is the defintion for heart rate?The number of times the heart beats in one minute.
- 48What is the defintion for cardiac output? How is the cardiac output calculated?The volume of blood leaving the left ventricle in one minute.
heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output - 49What is cardio vascular endurance?The ability of the heart and lungs to keep supplying oxygen in the blood stream to the body in order to provide the energy to sustain physical movement.
- 50How can you improve cardio vascular endurance?Raise the heart rate above the threshold of training.
The training threshold is 60% of your maximum heart rate. - 51How is your maximum heart rate calculated?220 - AGE = MHR
- 52Name the training zone that endurance athletes would use when training. What % of their maximum heart rate would they be training at?Aerobic training zone
60 - 80% MHR - 53Name the training zone that an explosive athlete would use when training. What % of their maximum heart rate would they be working at?Anaerobic training zone
80-90% MHR - 54What two measurements could you use to test your cardio vascular endurance?Resting heart rate
The lower the figure the better it is.
Recovery heart rate
The faster your working heart rate returns to its resting heart rate the better it is. - 55List the features associated with an efficient circulatory system.Strong cardiac muscle
Low resting heart rate
Greater stroke volume
High cardiac output
Greater stamina
Fast recovery heart rate
Low blood pressure
Low cholesterol - 56What is blood pressure?The force of the circulating blood on the walls of the arteries.
- 57What causes high blood pressure?Age
Gender
Smoking
Poor Diet
Alcohol
Drugs
Stress and tension
Exercise (short term effect) - 58What is vasodilation? Explain what happens.Vasodilation: The body releases heat from the body.
Blood vessels expand so they are nearer to the skins surface. Heat is lost through radiation.
Sweat glands make more sweat which is then evaporated at the skins surface to help keep you cool. - 59What is vasoconstriction? Explain what happens.Vasoconstriction - the body tries to keep warm.
You stop sweating.
Blood vessels constrict to pull them away from the skins surface. Muscles start to shiver to generate heat.
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- AQA GCSE PE Facts Fichas sobre Unit 4: Respiratory and Circulatory System, creado por Cath Warriner el 30/12/2014.
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- Cath Warriner
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