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Respiration: Structures and Processes
Fichas del conjunto (42)
- 1Respiration- Exchange of gas between organism and environment
- Basic energy source for speech - 2Trachea- tube of ~20 cartilaginous rings that are incomplete posteriorly for direct contact with esophagus
-1st Tracheal ring = largest and connects to inferior border of cricoid cartilage
- extends from larynx starting @ 6th cervical vertebra
/-Bifurcates into Left and Right primary bronchi @ 5th thoracic vertebra - 3Bronchi- Tubes of cartilaginous rings bound by fibroelastic tissue extending from lungs upwards to trachea
- Down in lungs bronchi divide into bronchioles and become less cartilaginous and more muscular. Divide repeatedly and ultimately communication w/ alveolar ducts that open into tiny air sacs - 4Lungs-Soft, spongy, porous, elastic, and pink
-rich vascular supply
- numerous air sacs
- located in thoracic cavity
- Right Lung = shorter/broader/bigger due to liver forcing it in upwards direction - 5Fact Card (Respiratory)Too much C02 in blood cells triggers medula oblongata ( in brain-stem) to fire impulses to respiratory muscles.
- 6Fact Card (Exhalation)Duration of exhalation during speech is longer than during non-speech.
- 7Summary Card (Respiration)Respiration, the process of breathing involving an exchange of gas between an organism and its environment, it is necessary for life and essential for speech.
- 8Summary Card (Respiration)The framework of respiration supports the muscles necessary for respiration to take place. These muscles include 2 primary categories: thoracic muscles for inspiration and abdominal muscles for expiration
- 9Spinal Column- 32 - 33 individual vertebrae divided into 5 segments:
1) 7 Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C7)
2) 12 Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12)
3) 5 Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5)
4) 4 Sacral Vertebrae (S1-S5)fused/Adults
5) 3-4 Fused coccygeal Vertebrae (Coccyx) - 10Fact Card (Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae)T1-T12 = Attachment for ribs
L1-L5 = large good for weight bearing - 11Abdominal Muscles of Expiration- latissimus dorsi
-rectus abdominis
- transverse abdominis
-internal oblique abdominis
-quadratus lumborum - 12Latissimus Dorsi- abdominal muscle of expiration
C6-C8
- Stabilizes posterior abdominal wall for expiration - 13Rectus Abdominis- abdominal muscle of expiration
T7-T12
- Flexes vertebral column - 14Transversus Abdominis- abdominal muscle of expiration
T7-T12
- Compresses abdomen - 15Internal Oblique Abdominis-Abdominal muscle for expiration
T7-T12
- Compresses abdomen
-flexes and rotates trunk - 16Quadratus Lumnorum-abdominal muscle for expiration
T12, L1-L4
- Supports abdominal compression through bilateral contraction (fixes abdominal walls) - 17Posterior Thoracic Muscles of Exhalation-subcostal muscle
-serratus posterior inferior muscles - 18Subcostal Muscle-posterior thoracic muscle for exhalation
- depresses thorax - 19Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscles- thoracic muscle for exhalation
- when contracted, pull rib cage down (making space for lungs decreased) - 20Should and Upper Arm Muscles involved with Respiration1. Pectoralis Major
2. Pectoralis Minor
3. Serratus Anterior
4. Levator Scapulae
5. Rhomboideus Major
6. Rhomboideus Minor
7. Internal Intercostal
8. Innermost Intercostal
9. Transversus Thoracis - 21Pectoralis Major- Should and Upper Arm Muscles involved with Respiration
C4-T1
- Increases transverse dimension of rib cage through elevation of sternum - 22Pectoralis Minor-Should and Upper Arm Muscles involved with Respiration
C4-T1
-Increases transverse dimension of rib cage - 23Serratus Anterior- Should and Upper Arm Muscles involved with Respiration
C5-C7
- Elevates ribs 1-9 - 24Levator Scapulae- Should and Upper Arm Muscles involved with Respiration
C3-C5
- Elevates scapular, supports neck - 25Rhomboideus Major & Rhomboideus Minor- Should and Upper Arm Muscles involved with Respiration
C5
-Stabilizes shoulder girdle - 26Internal Intercostal & Innermost Intercostal- Should and Upper Arm Muscles involved with Respiration
T2-T11
- Depresses ribs 1-11 - 27Transversus Thoracis- Should and Upper Arm Muscles involved with Respiration
T2-T6
Depresses ribs 2-6 - 28Neck Muscles involved with Respiration1. Sternocleidomastoid
2. Trapezius - 29Sternoclediomastoid- Neck Muscles involved with Respiration
-Elevates the sternum (& thus indirectly, the rib cage) - 30Trapezius- Neck Muscles involved with Respiration
- controls head and elongates neck (thus indirectly influencing respiration) - 31Thoracic Muscles of Inspiration1. Diaphragm
2. Abdomen
3. Internal Intercostal Muscles
4. Serratus Posterior
5. Levator Costarum Brevis
6. Levator Costarum Longis
7. External Intercostals - 32Diaphragm- Thoracic Muscle of Inspiration
- floor of chest cavity
-thick, dome shaped muscle
-separates abdomen from thorax
-lungs rest upon it - 33Abdomen- Includes various Thoracic Muscles of Inspiration
- 34Internal Intercostal Muscles- 11 Paired Thoracic Muscles of Inspiration
- pull ribs downward to decrease diameter of thoracic cavity - 35External Intercostals- 11 Paired Thoracic Muscles of Inspiration
T2-T11
-Elevate Rib Cage - 36Serratus Posterior Superior- Thoracic Muscle of Inspiration
C7, T1-T4
- Elevates Rib Cage - 37Levator Costarum Brevis & Levator Costarum Longis- Thoracic Muscle of Inspiration
T2-T12
-Elevates Rib Cage - 38Thoracic Cage- AKA Rib Cage/Chest
- Cylindrical structure
-houses and protects heart, lungs, and other organs
- Composed of:
->Sternum Anteriorly
-> 12 Thoracic Vertebrae Posteriorly
-> 12 Pairs of Ribs connect laterally from vertebrae to individual costal cartilages - 39Xiphoid ProcessSmall cartilaginous structure found posteriorly to corpus of sternum
- 40Corpus of Sternum- long and narrow body of sternum
- Cartilages of ribs 2-7 attach here - 41Manubrium- Uppermost segment of Sternum
- Provides attachment for clavical and 1st rib - 42Sternum- AKA Breastbone
-Located on superior, anterior thoracic wall
- consists of 3 parts:
1. Manubrium
2. Corpus
3. Xiphoid Process
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- Respiration: Structures and Processes
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