Flashcards
Matter
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1MATTERMatter is everything around us. Matter is made out of tiny particles called atoms. Some atoms join together to make groups known as molecules.
- 2MASSIs the amount of matter in an object. We measure mass in grams (g)
- 3VOLUMEDescribes how much space matter occupies. We measure volume in millilitres (ml).
- 4DENSITYIs the amount o f matter in a volume. We measure density in kilograms per litre (kg/l). density = mass/volume. Density explains why some objects float in water while others sink.
- 5HARDNESSIs the scratch-resistance of a solid.
- 6THERMAL CONDUCTIVITYIs the ability of certain substances to conduct or transfer heat. Metals, such as iron or copper, are good heat.
- 7SOLUBULITYIs the ability of substances to dissolve in another substance and from a solution. For example: Sugar dissolves in water, whereas oil does not.
- 8PURE SUBSTANCESA pure substance in chemistry is matter with uniform, defined composition, meaning it is either one element (like gold) or one compound (pure water, H2O), having fixed properties and not separable by physical means.
- 9MIXTURESare made up of two or more pure substances and can be homogeneous (such as the air we breathe or sea water, we cannot see the individual substances that make it up) or heterogeneous (such as sand or a salad, we can see the individual substances than make it up)
- 10FILTRATIONA process used to separate solids from liquids or gases using a filter medium that allows the fluid to pass through but not the solid
- 11SIEVINGA process of separating solid particles of different sizes by passing them through a sieve or mesh.
- 12EVAPORATIONThe evaporation is the process by which a liquid turns into a gas.
- 13MAGNETIC SEPARATIONMagnetic separation is the process of separating components of mixtures using a magnet to attract magnetic substances.
- 14DECANTATIONIs a process of separating mixtures of liquids and solids, for example sand and water. We can also use decantation to separate liquids with different densities, like oil and water.
- 15DISTILLATIONDistillation is a physical separation used to separate components of a liquid mixture. This process involves heating the mixture to convert the most volatile component into vapor. This vapor is then cooled and condensed back into liquid form.
- 16SOLIDIn solids, the tiny molecules are packed very close together. They can only vibrate in place, like shaking in one spot. This is why solids have a fixed shape that doesn`t change unless you push or pull on them with a force. This is different from liquids and gases.
- 17LIQUIDIn its characteristics, a liquid is intermediate between a gas and a solid, the other two principal states. Like gases, liquids can flow and take on the shape of the container in which they are placed -characteristics not found in solids. Like, solids, liquids have a fixed volume, whereas gases do not.
- 18GASGases do not have a fixed shape or a fixed volume. They spread out and fill the container they are in. Unlike gases, solids have a fixed shape and volume, and liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container.
- 19PLASMAWhen a gas is heated a lot or given a lot of energy, its atoms lose electrons. This creates charged particles. When many atoms become charged, the gas is called plasma.
- 20REVERSIBLEReversible changes are temporary and can be reversed.
- 21IRRIVERSIBLE CHANGESIrreversible changes are permanent and cannot be reversed
- 22CHANGES OF STATE
- 23PHYSICAL CHANGESin physical changes the arrangement of the molecules doesn't change, but the appearance can change
- 24CHEMICAL REACTIONSin chemical reactions the arrangement of the molecules changes so they are always irreversible
- 25COMBUSTIONCombustion is a chemical reaction that produces energy in the form of heat and light. Combustion occurs when oxygen in the air reacts with fuel, such as wood, petrol or natural gas. When fuels burn, some waste products are produced.
- 26OXIDATIONOxidation is a chemical reaction that happens when some materials react with oxygen in the air. Some metals, such as iron, oxidise when they are exposed to air. Iron reacts with oxygen and changes into a brown substance called rust. Some foods also oxidise.
- 27FERMENTATIONFermentation is a chemical reaction that is caused by fungi and bacteria. These microscopic organisms break down organic materials and produce new substances.
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- Cuarto Ciencias Naturales Flashcards on Matter, created by gabriela misse gamiz on 05/03/2026.
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- gabriela misse gamiz
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