Flashcards
ICT GCSE flashcards
Cards in this deck (88)
- 1BackupA copy of data that is made in case the original data is lost or damaged. The backup can be used to restore the original data.
- 2BandwidthThe amount of data that can fit through an Internet connection. You can compare it to a ten-lane motorway which can fit more cars on it than a four-lane motorway. Bandwidth is measured in bits per second (bps). This indicates the number of bits of information that can fit down the line in one second. Kb or Kbps means thousands of bits per second; Mb or Mbps means millions of bits per second.
- 3BlogShort for 'web log', a shared online journal where people can post diary entries about their personal experiences and hobbies.
- 4BluetoothAllows the exchange of data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices. In order for devices to communicate they must be able to understand the Bluetooth rules (protocols).
- 5BroadbandA high-speed connection to the Internet.
- 6BrowserA software application for retrieving, presenting and navigating information resources on the World Wide Web.
- 7Cloud computingA system in which all computer programs and data is stored on a central server owned by a company (e.g. Google) and accessed virtually.
- 8Conditional formattingA feature you can use to highlight values automatically. The colour can be made to change according to the value displayed. For example, you can use red to highlight negative values.
- 9CopyrightGives the creator of an original work exclusive rights regarding that work for a certain period of time, including its publication, distribution and adaptation.
- 10DataSymbols, characters, images and numbers are all types of data. When data is processed and acquires meaning it becomes information. Computers process data to produce information.
- 11FirewallA system designed to prevent unauthorised access to your computer when connected to a network such as the Internet.
- 12Flatfile databaseA database held as a single table. It is structured with a row for every record.
- 13FunctionA formula used in a calculation, such as IF or SUM.
- 14HackerSomeone who gains unauthorised access to a computer in order to obtain data stored on it.
- 15HardwareThe physical parts of a computer system, e.g. the CPU and the devices connected to it.
- 16Hot deskingSharing desks or workstations between workers, as a way of saving space and resources.
- 17HotspotA venue that offers a WiFi Internet connection. Many are located in hotels and restaurants and lots of them are free.
- 18Internet service provider (ISP)A company that provides Internet access to its customers.
- 19IP (Internet Protocol) addressThe personal address of your computer (just like your home address), so that servers know where to send the information you have requested.
- 20MalwareSoftware that is designed to cause problems for users.
- 21NetbookA small portable laptop computer designed for wireless communication and access to the Internet.
- 22NetworkDevices connected together to allow communication and exchange of data.
- 23Online forumAn online message board where people can share their ideas and views.
- 24PeripheralsExternal devices connected to a computer, e.g. printer, microphone.
- 25PhishingA form of Internet fraud that aims to steal valuable information such as credit card details, usernames and passwords.
- 26PixelationAn effect caused by displaying a bitmap or a section of a bitmap at such a large size that individual pixels (small single-coloured squares that the image is made of) are visible to the eye.
- 27Relational databaseA database that uses more than one table. Tables are linked together by common data items, such as ID number, known as keys.
- 28Repetitive strain injury (RSI)Damage caused to the muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves or joints, usually because of repeating the same action.
- 29Sat navA device, usually used in a car, that gives directions based on information received from a series of satellites.
- 30SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)A method of encrypting data to provide security for communications over networks such as the Internet. TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a later version of SSL.
- 31Social networking siteAn online community where people can communicate and share information.
- 32SoftwarePrograms that give instructions to a computer and which allow the user to carry out different tasks.
- 33SpamUnwanted or junk email sent to lots of recipients at the same time.
- 34Spreadsheet modelA simulation of a real-life situation. For example, a spreadsheet model might be used to help plan an event like a school trip or concert. The organisers could use a model to help them decide how much they need to charge to cover their costs.
- 35SpywareSoftware that can be installed on your computer without your knowledge, which collects information about your logins and passwords and sends details to another computer on the Internet.
- 36StreamingContent is sent in compressed form over the Internet and displayed by the viewer in real time. When streaming video, a web user does not have to wait to download a file to play it. Instead, the media is sent in a continuous stream of data and is played as it arrives on a special player.
- 37TeleworkingWorking from home but staying in touch with others with the help of technology.
- 38TrojanA program that appears legitimate but which performs some harmful activity when it is run. It may be used to locate password information, or make the system more vulnerable to future entry, or simply destroy programs or data on the hard disk drive. A trojan is similar to a virus except that it does not replicate itself. It stays in the computer doing its damage or allowing somebody from a remote site to take control of the computer. Trojans often sneak in attached to a free game.
- 39ValidationThe process of checking that the data entered is reasonable or one of the expected options, e.g. that a person's age has not been entered as 200.
- 40VerificationThe process of checking that the data entered is accurate. The data could be valid but still inaccurate, e.g. someone could enter their age as 81 when they are really 18.
- 41VirusA program designed to cause other programs on a computer to malfunction or stop working altogether.
- 42WikiA type of website that encourages collaboration by allowing users to add, edit and remove content.
- 43WizardPart of a program that helps the user to create a new document, chart, etc. A sequence of dialogue boxes guides the user through the steps needed to create the item required.
- 44ZipA compressed file format for emailing files or downloading.
- 45Absolute Cell ReferencingWhen the formula is copied to a new address, the cell address does not change
- 46ASCIIA code for representing binary
- 47Batch processingAll the inputs needed are put together and processed in one go
- 48bccCopy of an email sent to lots of people who are unable to see the email addresses of those people who are in the bcc area
- 49Bitmap graphicGraph stored as a map, shows the position and colour of the individual dots of light. Called pixels
- 50ccCopy of an email sent to more than one person
- 51check digitA validation check. Used to check that a list of numbers entered are correct. For example, a bar code or ISBN
- 52Copyright, Designs & Patents Act (1988)Makes it a criminal act to copy or steal software
- 53DataRaw facts/figures
- 54Data loggingMethod of recording data over a period of time
- 55Data Protection Act (1998)A law that restricts the way personal information is stored and processed on a computer
- 56ErgonomicsAn item/equipment designed to suit the natural movement of the body
- 57Expert systeman ICT system that copy's the decision making process of a human expert
- 58file serverhigh speed computer in a network that stores all the programs and files to be shared by the users.
- 59Format checksA validation check. It checks that the data in the correct combination of characters. e.g. postcode
- 60gigoGarbage in Garbage out. it means that if you enter poor data into a computer then you'll get rubbish data out.
- 61GUIgraphic user interface. Allows users to interact with a computer via icons and menus
- 62HTMLhypertext markup language. The programming language of the www.
- 63Informationdata that has been processed by the computer
- 64Key fieldor primary key. A field that uniquely identifies a record in a database
- 65LANlocal area network
- 66WANWide Area network
- 67MICRmagnetic ink character recognition. input method - to check number printed in ink. e.g. numbers printed on a cheque
- 68MicroprocessorThe brain of the computer. processes the input data to produce information
- 69MotherboardThe central circuit board of the computer.
- 70OCRoptical character recognition. Input method - to read the characters into the computer
- 71OMRoptical mark reader. Input method - read the marks on a piece of paper. e.g. lottery ticket
- 72Operating system softwareSoftware that controls the hardware and software
- 73Peer-to-Peer networkEach computer is of equal status in the network
- 74Print serverA high speed computer on a network with the responsibility of looking after the printer & print jobs
- 75RAMrandom access memory. Is temporary /volatile. It will lose its memory when the computer is switched off
- 76ROMread only memory. permenent/non volatile. it will not lose its memory when the computer is switched off
- 77RFIDradio frequency identification. small data chip that uses radio signals to send/receive data.
- 78RouterNetwork hardware device. Used to decide the pathway that data should take in the network
- 79SensorInput device to record physical quantities e.g. temperature, pressure
- 80Style sheetsA template /a document that sets out the font, size, colour of an entire document/website
- 81Transcription errorError made when characters are swapped around so they are in the wrong order. e.g. erorr
- 82Transposition errorError made when characters are swapped around so they in the wrong order. eg. erorr
- 83Validation checksrules created to test that data entered meet a specific criteria. To prevent errors
- 84WIMPwindows, icons, menus, pointers
- 85Open SourceSoftware that is free to use and download.
Software that users can change (re-program) and improve if they wish. - 86Proprietary softwareSoftware that you pay for. That can not be changed in anyway.
- 87Hosted application/softwareSoftware that is NOT installed on your computer. Software that you access via the internet. Software that another company looks after.
- 88Installed softwareSoftware installed on your computer. You don't need access to the internet to use it. You are responsible for updating it